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February Military History
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Born
| 1 | 1805 | Auguste Blanqui, French radical revolutionary | | | 1807 | William Bowen Campbell, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1867 | | | 1819 | Henry Lawrence Eustis, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1885 | | | 1829 | John Potts Slough, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1867 | | | 1895 | John Ford, director ("She Wore a Yellow Ribbon," etc.) | | | 1896 | Anastasio Somoza President of Nicaragua (1937-56) | | | 1901 | Clark Gable, airman, actor (“Run Silent, Run Deep”) | | | 1931 | Boris Yeltsin, President of the Russian Federation (1991-1999) | | 2 | 1208 | King Jaime I "the Conqueror" of Aragon (1213-1276), Liberator of Valenica & the Balearics | | | 1649 | Pierfrancesco Orsini - Pope Benedict XIII (1724-1730) | | | 1650 | Nell Gwynne, actress, Charles II’s favorite mistress, d. 1687 | | | 1754 | Charles de Talleyrand, "a silk stocking full of shit" | | | 1803 | Albert Sidney Johnston, Gen, C.S.A., KIA in 1862 | | | 1815 | Nathaniel Collins McLean, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1905 | | | 1827 | Abner Monroe Perrin, Brig Gen, C.S., KIA, 1864 | | | 1859 | Havelock Ellis, sexologist (“A Sexual History of the Great War”) | | | 1861 | Sultan Mohammed VI of Turkey (1918-22) | | | 1890 | Jean de Lattre de Tassigny, Marshal of France | | | 1928 | Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, President of France (1974-81) | | | 2338 | Lt. Cdr. Data | | 3 | 1368 | King Charles VI of France (1380-1422) | | | 1721 | Friedrich Wilhelm von Seydlitz, Prussian field marshal, d. 1773 | | | 1805 | Samuel Ryan Curtis, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1866 | | | 1807 | Joseph Eggleston Johnston, Gen, C.S.A., d. 1891 | | | 1824 | George Thomas "Tige" Anderson, Brig Gen, C.S.A., | | | 1824 | Nathan George "Shanks" Evans, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1868 | | | 1894 | Juan Negrín, Premier of the Spanish Republic (1936-39) | | | 1904 | Charles "Pretty Boy" Floyd | | | 1907 | James Michener, naval officer, author ("South Pacific") | | 4 | 1747 | Tadeusz Kosciuszko, Polish and American patriot | | | 1819 | Joshua Norton, Emperor of America, Protector of Mexico | | | 1826 | Halbert Eleazer Paine, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1905 | | | 1881 | Marshal Klimenti Voroshilov, President USSR (1953-60) | | | 1895 | Hans Rauter, German SS police chief in the Netherlands | | | 1902 | Charles A Lindbergh, aviator, isolationist, Nazi dupe | | | 1904 | McKinley Kantor, novelist. historian (“Andersonville”) | | | 1906 | Dietrich Bonhoeffer, anti-Nazi theologian, executed 1945 | | 5 | 1723 | John Witherspoon, Signer of the Declaration of Independence | | | 1840 | Hiram Stevens Maxim, who invented a clever device | | | 1848 | Belle Starr, noted lady outlaw, d. 1889 | | | 1919 | Aaron Chwatt - Red Buttons, actor (SGT Joe Kelly in “Sayonara”) | | | 1919 | Andreas Papandreou, USN, WW II, Greek PM, d. 1996 | | | 1942 | Roger Staubach, USNA Heisman winner, 1963 | | 6 | 1536 | Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who unified Japan | | | 1756 | Aaron Burr, war hero, VEEP, unconvicted traitor | | | 1830 | Marcellus Monroe Crocker, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1865 | | | 1832 | John Brown Gordon, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1904 | | | 1833 | James Ewell Brown "JEB" Stuart, Maj Gen, C.S.A., KIA, 1864 | | | 1834 | William Dorsey Pender, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d/w 1863 | | | 1889 | Elmo Lincoln, d. 1952 | | | 1890 | Anthony Fokker, aircraft designer | | | 1908 | Gen Edward Lansdale, the not so “Ugly American” | | | 1912 | Eva Braun, mistress & wife of Adolph Hitler, suicide 1945 | | | 1961 | Yuri I Onufriyenko, Cosmonaut | | 7 | 1740 | Count Adam Philippe de Custine, French general | | | 1817 | Frederick Douglass, American | | | 1817 | Leroy Pope Walker, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1884 | | | 1906 | Henry Pu-yi, "The Last Emperor" | | 8 | 412 | St Proclus, Patriarch of Constantinople | | | 1291 | King Afonso IV of Portugal (1325-57) | | | 1577 | Beatrice Cenci, noblewoman, executed 1599 for murdering her rapist father | | | 1712 | Joseph de Montcalm, French general, KIA, Quebec, 1759 | | | 1788 | Robert Peel, Prime Minister of the UK, d. 1850 | | | 1811 | Edwin Denison Morgan, sometime Confederate SecWar, d. 1883 | | | 1817 | Richard Stoddert Ewell, Lt Gen, C.S.A., d. 1872 | | | 1820 | William Tecumseh Sherman, army officer, U.S., d. 1891 | | | 1824 | Barnard Elliot Bee, Brig Gen, C.S.A., KIA 1861 | | | 1828 | Jules Verne | | | 1892 | Fritz Todt, head of Hitler's construction service (see Deaths) | | 9 | 1409 | Constantine XI, the last Byzantine Emperor (1449-1453) | | | 1773 | William Henry Harrison, general, President, 1841 | | | 1826 | John Alexander Logan, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1886 | | | 1830 | Sultan Abdul Aziz of Turkey (1861-76) | | | 1903 | Brian Donlevy, actor (“Wake Island”) | | | 1909 | Dean Rusk, army officer, Secretary of State (1961-69) | | | 1912 | Adm Thomas H. Moorer, CNO (1967-70), C/JCS (1970-74), d. 2004 | | 10 | 1609 | Sir John Suckling, Cavalier poet | | | 1807 | Abner Clark Harding, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1874 | | | 1821 | William Read Scurry, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d/w 1864 | | | 1846 | Charles Beresford, boneheaded British Admiral, Member of Parliament, d. 1919 | | | 1891 | Gen Sir Harold Alexander - Earl Alexander of Tunis | | | 1894 | Harold Macmillan, Prime Minister of the UK, d. 1986 | | 11 | 530 | BC Aristides “the Just” of Athens, d. 468 | | | 1466 | Elizabeth of York, sister to the Princes of the Tower, Mrs. Henry VII | | | 1535 | Niccolo Spondrati - Pope Gregory XIV (1590-1591) | | | 1805 | Jean Baptiste Charbonneau, to Toussaint & Sacajawea Charbonneau, during the Lewis & Clark Expedition, d. 1866 | | | 1812 | Alexander Stevens, Vice-President, CSA, d. 1883 | | | 1812 | Benjamin Franklin Sands, naval officer, U.S., d. 1883 | | | 1829 | William Anderson Pile, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1889 | | | 1840 | Samuel Dana Greene, naval officer, U.S., d. 1884 | | | 1847 | Thomas A. Edison | | | 1898 | Leo Szilard, nuclear weaponeer, peace activist | | | 1920 | King Farouk I of Egypt (1936-52) | | | 1938 | Gen Manuel Antonio Noriega, Panamanian dictator | | 12 | 1211 | Henry II/VII von Hohenstaufen, King of Sicily, titular King of the Germans (1220-35) | | | 1443 | Giovanni II Bentivoglio, condottiero, Lord of Bologna (1463-1506) until deposed by Pope Julius II, d. 1508 | | | 1768 | Francis II, last Holy Roman Emperor (1792-1806) | | | 1809 | Abraham Lincoln, militiaman, volunteer of 1832, President (1861-1865) | | | 1828 | Robert Ransom Jr., Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1892 | | | 1838 | Charles Carroll Walcutt, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1898 | | | 1893 | General of the Army Omar Bradley, 'The GI General' | | | 1915 | Andrew J Goodpaster, American army officer | | 13 | 1599 | Fabio Chigi - Pope Alexander VII (1655-1667) | | | 1831 | John A. Rawlins, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1869 | | | 1833 | William Whedbee Kirkland, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1915 | | | 1849 | Lord Randolph Churchill, who had a famous son | | | 1887 | Alvin York, who captured "the whole damned German Army" | | | 1923 | Chuck Yeager, airman | | 14 | 1462 | Count Edward I “the Great” of East-Friesland (1494-1528) | | | 1483 | Zahir al-Din Mohammed Babur Shah, the First Mogul | | | 1515 | Elector Frederick III “the Pious” of the Palatine | | | 1813 | John McNeil, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1891 | | | 1819 | James Green Martin, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1878 | | | 1824 | Winfield Scott Hancock, Maj Gen, U.S., "The Superb," d. 1886 | | | 1829 | Alfred Iverson Jr., Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1911 | | | 1921 | Skeezix Wallet, Pvt, U.S. Army, World War II | | | 1929 | Vic Morrow, actor (“Combat”), d. 1982 | | | 1945 | Prince Hans-Adam II of Lichtenstein | | | 1947 | Pham Tuan, first Vietnamese in space, Soyuz 37 | | 15 | 37 | Nero, Roman Emperor (54-68) | | | 1368 | Sigismund, King of Hungary and Bohemia (1410-37), Holy Roman Emperor (1433-1437) | | | 1483 | Babur, first Mughal Emperor of India (1526-30) | | | 1519 | Pedro Menendez de Aviles, Conquistador, founder of St Augustine | | | 1650 | Duke Anne Jules de Noailles, Marshal of France | | | 1710 | King Louis XV the "Well-Beloved" of France (1715-74) | | | 1726 | Abraham Clark, Signer of the Declaration of Independence | | | 1795 | Charles Niellon, general, Belgian War for Independence, 1831 | | | 1835 | Alexander Stuart Webb, Maj Gen, U.S., who held “The Angle,” d. 1911 | | | 1845 | Elihu Root, reforming SecWar (1901-05), State (1905-09), Peace Nobelist, d 1937 | | | 1892 | James Forrestal, naval aviator, SecNav, first SecDef | | | 1922 | Herman Kahn, strategist (“Thinking About the Unthinkable”) | | | 1929 | James Schlesinger, SecDef (1973-75) | | 16 | 1519 | Gaspard de Coligny, French admiral, Huguenot leader | | | 1620 | Frederick William “the Great Elector” of Brandenburg | | | 1807 | Lysander Cutler, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1866 | | | 1813 | Joseph Reid Anderson, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1892 | | | 1822 | James Patton Anderson, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1872 | | | 1823 | John D Imboden, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1895 | | | 1832 | Camille Armand Jules Marie de Polignac, Maj Gen, C.S.A. & French Army | | | 1904 | George F Kennan, inventor of "Containment" | | | 1942 | Kim Jong-Il, “Dear Leader” of North-Korea (1994- ) | | 17 | 1490 | Charles III, Duke of Bourbon-Montpensier, Constable of France, soldier, traitor, mercenary, kia Rome, 1527 | | | 1519 | Francois de Guise, who captured Calais for France | | | 1804 | Samuel Read Anderson, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1883 | | | 1821 | Lola Montez, adventuress with a talen for orality, d. 1861 | | | 1824 | William Farrar "Baldy" Smith, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1903 | | | 1837 | Francis Jay Herron, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1902 | | | 1854 | Friedrich Krupp, “Merchant of Death” | | | 1855 | Otto Liman von Sanders, Germano-Turkish Commander, 1916-1918 | | | 1877 | Andre Maginot, French soldier, War Minister, d. 1932 | | | 1880 | Alvaro Obregon, general, President of Mexico (1920-24) | | | 1892 | Theodore Pliver, German soldier, novelist (“Moscow,” “Stalingrad,” “Berlin”) | | | 1929 | Yasser Arafat, “He never misses an opportunity to miss an opportunity” – d. 2004 | | 18 | 1516 | "Bloody" Mary I (1553-58), first Queen Regnant of England | | | 1805 | Louis Malesherbes Goldsborough, Rear Adm, U.S. | | | 1817 | Lewis A. Armistead, Brig Gen, C.S.A., kia, Gettysburg | | | 1817 | Walter Page Lane, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1892 | | | 1829 | Jean Jacques Alfred Mouton, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1864 | | | 1833 | James Deshler, Brig Gen, C.S.A., KIA, 1863 | | | 1895 | Marshal of the Soviet Union Semion Timoshenko, d. 1970 | | | 1899 | Sir Arthur Bryant, historian | | | 1903 | Nikolaj V Podgorny, President of the USSR (1965-77) | | | 1920 | Eddie Slovik, PVT, USA, executed, 1945 | | | 1920 | Jack Palance, actor (“Attack!”) | | | 1925 | George Kennedy, army officer, actor | | 19 | 1683 | King Philip V of Spain (1700-24 & 1724-46) | | | 1817 | King William III of the Netherlands (1849-90), last male Dutch sovereign | | | 1960 | Prince Andrew, the Duke of York, naval officer | | 20 | 1809 | Henry Walton Wessells, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1889 | | | 1820 | Mahlon Dickerson Manson, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1895 | | | 1827 | Edward Stuyvesant Bragg, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1912 | | | 1838 | James Barbour Terrill, Brig Gen, C.S..A., d. 1864 | | | 1844 | Joshua Slocum, first solo circumnavigator (1895-1898), lost at sea 1909 | | | 1886 | Bela Kun, head of Hungarian Soviet Republic (1919) | | 21 | 1417 | Duke Louis IX of Bavaria | | | 1484 | Elector Joachim I Nestor of Brandenburg | | | 1608 | Raimondo, Count of Montecúccoli, Imperial Field Marshal, d. 1680 | | | 1688 | Queen Ulrike Eleanora of Sweden (1718-1720), abdicated, d. 1741 | | | 1728 | Tsar Peter III (1762), unfortunate husband of Catherine the Great | | | 1794 | Antonio López de Santa Anna | | | 1800 | John Henry Winder, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1865 | | | 1802 | George Douglas Ramsey, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1882 | | | 1829 | Johnson Hagood, Brig Gen, C.S.A, d. 1898 | | | 1937 | King Harald V of Norway | | 22 | 1403 | King Charles VII of France (1422-1461) | | | 1440 | Ladislas II, King of Bohemia (1471-1516) and Hungary (1490-1516) | | | 1514 | Shah Tahmasp I of Persia (1524-76) | | | 1732 | "First in war, first in peace, ...." | | | 1797 | Wilhelm I, King of Prussia (1861-88), German Emperor (1871-88) | | | 1798 | Charles Mynn Thruston, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1873 | | | 1827 | James Barnet Fry, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1894 | | | 1828 | Robert Alexander Cameron, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1894 | | | 1857 | Robert Baden-Powell, founder of the Boy Scouts | | | 1908 | Rómulo Betancourt, Pres of Venezuela (1945-48, 1958-64) | | | 1932 | Edward "Ted" Kennedy, sometime soldier | | 23 | 1417 | Pietro Barbo - Pope Paul II (1464-71) | | | 1440 | Mathias I, King of Hungary | | | 1633 | Samuel Pepys, Secretary of the Admiralty, diarist, rake | | | 1818 | Jeremy Francis Gilmer, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1883 | | | 1824 | Lewis Cass Hunt, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1886 | | | 1838 | Gilbert Moxley Sorrel, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1901 | | | 1904 | William L Shirer, historian ("The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich") | | | 1915 | Paul Tibbets, pilot of the Enola Gay, d. 2007 | | | 1960 | Crown Prince Naruhito of Japan | | 24 | 1304 | Muhammad ibn Battutah, intrepid world traveller | | | 1500 | Charles V of the HRE (1519-1556), I of Spain (1516-56), d. 1558 | | | 1545 | Don Juan of Austria, Hero of Lepanto, illegitimate son of Charles V, d. 1578 | | | 1556 | Ippolito Aldofireini - Pope Clement VIII (1592-1605) | | | 1557 | Mathias, never-crowned Holy Roman Emperor (1612-1619) | | | 1684 | Tsarina Catherine I of Russia (1725-27) | | | 1811 | Edward Dickinson Baker, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1861 | | | 1824 | John Crawford Vaughn, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1875 | | | 1827 | Charles Davis Jameson, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1862 | | | 1838 | Thomas Benton Smith, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1923 | | | 1885 | Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, d. 1966 | | | 1898 | Kurt Tank, German aircraft designer, WW II | | 25 | 1635 | Count Walraad “the Old” of Nassau-Usingen, Dutch field marshal | | | 1643 | Sultan Ahmed II of Turkey (1691-95) | | | 1778 | Jose Francisco de San Martin, The Liberator | | | 1808 | James Bowen, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1886 | | | 1809 | George Washington Cullum, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1892 | | | 1815 | Robert Hall Chilton, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1879 | | | 1833 | Clement Anselm Evans, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1911 | | | 1881 | William Z. Foster, perennial CPUS presidential candidate (1924-1932) | | | 1888 | John Foster Dulles, Secretary of State (1953-59), Cold Warrior | | | 1894 | Ernst Friedrich, pacifist ("War Against War!") | | | 1953 | Jose Maria Aznar Lopez, Premier of Spain (1996-2004) | | 26 | 1361 | Wenceslaus, King of Bohemia (1376-1419), of Germany (1378-1400) | | | 1802 | Victor Hugo | | | 1832 | John George Nicolay, Lincoln’s secretary, later SecState | | | 1845 | Tsar Alexander III Russia (1881-94) (3/10 New Style) | | | 1846 | William "Buffalo Bill" Cody, scout, showman, d. 1917 | | | 1861 | Ferdinand, Prince (1887-1908) and Tsar (1908-1918) of Bulgaria, d. 1948. | | | 1869 | Nadezda K Krupskaia, Revolutionary, Lenin’s wife | | | 1958 | Susan J Helms, USAF, Astronaut | | 27 | 273 | Constantine the Great, Roman Emperor (312-37) | | | 1792 | Don Joaquin Espartero, Spanish general | | | 1823 | Ferdinand Van Derveer, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1892 | | | 1823 | William Buel Franklin, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1903 | | | 1827 | Richard W Johnson, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1897 | | | 1886 | Hugo L Black, veteran, Senator, Supreme Court Justice | | 28 | 1712 | Louis Joseph de Montcalm de Saint-Véran, kia, Quebec, 1759 | | | 1797 | Prince Frederick of Netherlands, inept commander at Waterloo | | | 1817 | James Craig, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1888 | | | 1822 | Matthew Duncan Ector, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1879 | | | 1824 | John Creed Moore, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1910 | | | 1825 | Quincy Adams Gillmore, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1888 | | | 1833 | Count Alfred von Schlieffen, alleged military genius | | | 1893 | Col. John W. Thomason, USMC, "The Kipling of the Corps", d. 1944 | | | 1907 | Milton Caniff, cartoonist (“Terry & the Pirates”, “Steve Canyon”) | | | 1912 | Clara Petacci, lover of Mussolini, k. 1945 | | | 1926 | Svetlana Alliluyeva, Stalin’s daughter, American | | 29 | 1468 | Alessandro Farnese - Pope Paul III (1534-1549) | | | 1784 | John E. Wool, Maj.; Gen., U.S., d. 1869 | | | 1792 | Gioacchino Rossini, composer (“Guillaume Tell“) | | | 1828 | Antonio Guzman Blanco, president of Venezuela | | | 1840 | John P Holland, inventor of the true submarine, d. 1912 | | | 1858 | Frederic, the Pirate of Penzance | | | 1908 | Dee Brown, author (“Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee”), d. 2002 |
Died
| 1 | 656 | King Sigebert III of Austrasia, at about 25 | | | 1204 | Emperor Alexius IV Angelus of Byzantium (1203-04), murdered | | | 1248 | Duke Hendrik II of Brabant (1235-48) | | | 1294 | Margraf Louis II “the Stern” of Upper-Bavaria | | | 1328 | King Charles IV "the Fair" of France(1322-28) | | | 1666 | Shah Jahan, Mogul of India, who built the Taj Mahal | | | 1691 | Pope Alexander VIII - Pietro Ottoboni - (1689-91), at 80 | | | 1733 | Augustus II "the Strong" of Poland and Saxony, who sired c. 350 children | | | 1851 | Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, mother of “Frankenstein,” at 53 | | | 1873 | Matthew Maury, oceanographer, Confederate naval officer | | | 1898 | Pedro Antonio Zia Martinez, last Spanish veteran of Trafalgar, at 109, in Texas | | | 1908 | King Carlos I of Portugal (1889-1908) and Crown Prince Luis Phillip, killed by a mob in Lisbon | | | 1945 | Johan Huizinga, Dutch medievalist, at 72 | | | 1957 | Field Marshal Friedrich von Paulus, at 66 [See events] | | | 1986 | Alva Myrdal, Nobel peace laureate, 1982, at 84 | | | 2003 | Pilot Rick D. Husband, David M. Brown, Ilan Ramon (the first Israeli astronaut), Kalpana Chawla, Laurel Clark, Michael P. Anderson, and William C. McCool, Space Shuttle Columbia | | 2 | 1014 | King Sweyn I "Forkbeard" of Denmark (987-1014), at c. 48 | | | 1032 | King Rudolf III of Burgundy | | | 1435 | Queen Giovanna II of Naples (1414-35), at 61, after a risqué reign | | | 1451 | Sultan Murad II of the Ottomans | | | 1556 | Over 800,000 people, earthquake in Shaaxi and Henan, China | | | 1685 | King Charles II of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1660-85) | | | 1769 | Pope Clement XIII - Carlo Rezzonico - (1758-69), at 75 | | | 1828 | Vice-Adm Count Frederik Sigismund of Bylandt, RNN, at 78 | | | 1836 | Letitia Bonaparte-Ramolino, Napoleon's mother, at 85 | | | 1945 | Karl Goerdeler, anti-Nazi Mayor of Leipzig, hanged at 60 | | | 1970 | Bertrand Russell, pacifist, weather permitting, at 98 | | | 1981 | Donald W Douglas, designer of the DC-3, at 88 | | | 1987 | Alistair MacLean, novelist (“The Guns of Navarrone”) | | | 2004 | Max Schmeling, Hitler’s heavyweight, Fallschirmjaeger, at 99 | | 3 | 474 | Byzantine Emperor Leo I (457-474) | | | 1116 | King Koloman of Hungary (1095-1116), at c. 45 | | | 1399 | John of Gaunt, son of Edward III, at 58 | | | 1451 | Sultan Murad II of Turkey (1421-51) | | | 1924 | Thomas Woodrow Wilson, President (1913-21) | | | 1943 | The Rev. George Fox (b. 1900), Rabbi Alexander Goode (b. 1911), Rev. Clark V. Poling (b. 1910), and some 250 others, in the Dorchester | | | 1969 | Eduardo C Mondlane, president FRELIMO, Mozambique, murdered | | | 1984 | Ravindara Mhatrem, Indian diplomat, murdered in England | | 4 | 211 | Roman Emperor Septimius Severus (193-211), at 64 | | | 708 | Pope Sisinnius (15 Jan- 4 Feb 708) | | | 999 | Pope Gregory V (996-999), the first German pontiff | | | 1699 | 350 Streltsi, executed in Moscow by Peter the Great | | | 1781 | Willem Crul, Dutch Admiral, kia at 59, the West Indies | | 5 | 1597 | The Japanese Martyrs: 26 Christian missionaries & converts, executed | | | 1807 | Pasquale Paoli, Corsican patriot, in exile in Britain, at 80 | | | 1822 | Ali Pasha of Ianninia, Turkish governor | | | 1911 | Petrus A Cronje, Transvaal Boer general | | | 1922 | Christiaan R de Wet, Boer general, at 67 | | | 1943 | Gen. Hendrik Seyffardt, Dutch Quisling, killed by the Resistance | | | 1948 | Johann Blaskowitz, German general | | | 2004 | Adm Thomas H. Moorer, CNO (1967-70), C/JCS (1970-74), b. 1912 | | 6 | 743 | Caliph Hisham ibn 'Abd al-Malik of Baghad (724-743), at c. 52 | | | 891 | St. Photius, Patriarch of Constantinople | | | 1685 | King Charles II of Great Britain | | | 1695 | Sultan Ahmed II of Turkey (1691-95) | | | 1740 | Pope Clement XII - Lorenzo Corsini (1730-1740) | | | 1945 | Jan and Paul Bos, Dutch resistance fighters, executed by the Nazis | | | 1952 | King George VI of Britain (1936-52), Jutland veteran, at 56 | | | 1963 | Mohammed ibn al-Chattabi Abd el-Krim, "The Lion of the Rif" | | | 1989 | Barbara Tuchman, historian (“The Guns of August”), b 1912 | | 7 | 457 | Eastern Roman Emperor Marcian (450-457) | | | 590 | Pope Pelagius II (579-590) | | | 1609 | Cardinal Archduke Ferdinand I de’Medici of Tuscany, patron of Galileo | | | 1834 | Louis-Antoine Fauvelet de Bourrienne, former classmate & secretary to Napoleon, grafter, in a mad house in Caen | | | 1857 | Felix, Count of Merode, Belgian Minister of War, at 65 | | | 1878 | Pope St. Pius IX - Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti (1846-1878), neo-con pontiff | | | 1920 | Alexander Kolchak, Russian counter-revolutionary, b 1874 | | | 1937 | Elihu Root, Secretary of War (1901-1905), State, Nobelist, at 91 | | | 1979 | Josef Mengele, Nazi criminal, drowned | | | 1980 | Secondo Campini, aviation engineer (Caproni CC2, YB-49), b. 1904 | | | 1999 | King Hussein of Jordan (1952-1999), of cancer at 63. | | | 2008 | Fra' Andrew Willoughby Ninian Bertie,78th Grand Mester of the Sovereign Military Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem, Rhodes, and Malta, at 89. | | 8 | 1204 | Alexius IV, Byzantine Emperor, murdered. | | | 1250 | Fakhr ad-Din, Ayyubid commander, kia, Mansura | | | 1250 | Robert of Artois, Crusader leader, kia, Mansura | | | 1529 | Baldassare Castiglione, "the finest gentleman in the world," b. 1478 | | | 1587 | Mary, Queen of Scots, beheaded by her cousin Elizabeth | | | 1676 | Alexis Mikhailovich, the first Romanov Tsar (1636-1676) | | | 1725 | Tsar Peter I the Great of Russia, at 52 | | | 1740 | Pope Clement XII - Lorenzo Corsini - (1730-40), at 87 | | | 1897 | Premier Antonio Cánovas del Castillo of Spain, murdered at 69 | | | 1921 | Prince Peter Kropotkin, anarchist, at 78 | | | 1932 | Vincent "Mad Dog" Coll, killed by the Dutch Schultz mob | | | 1942 | Fritz Todt, Nazi construction minister, on his 50th birthday | | | 1959 | William J. Donovan, MoH, of the Fighting 69th, OSS in WW II, at 76 | | | 1963 | Abdul Karim Kassem, PM of Iraq (1958-63), assassinated in Baghdad at 48 | | 9 | 720 | Umayyad Caliph Umar II (718-720) | | | 1588 | Marquis of Santa Cruz, Spanish Admiral | | | 1640 | Sultan Murad IV of Turkey (1623-40), in Baghdad | | | 1670 | King Frederik III of Denmark and Norway (1648-70), at 60 | | | 1932 | Junnosuke Inouye, Japanese Minister of Finance, assassinated | | | 1957 | Admiral Miklos Horthy von Nagybanya, Hungarian regent (1920-44) | | | 1984 | Yuri Andropov, Soviet president, in power only 15 months, at 69 | | | 1996 | Adolf Galland, German airman, at 83 | | | 2002 | Princess Margaret of England, at 71 | | 10 | 45 | BC Marcus Porcius Cato the Younger, opponent of Julius Caesar, suicide at Uica | | | 1126 | Duke William IX of Aquitaine, vernacular poet, b. 1071 | | | 1134 | Duke Robert III of Normandy | | | 1162 | King Baldwin III of Jerusalem (1143-1162), at c. 32 | | | 1221 | Shah Muhammad Ala-ed-Din of Khwarizm | | | 1278 | Countess Margaret II of Flanders | | | 1306 | John Comyn II - "the Red Comyn" - Scottish nobleman, murdered | | | 1471 | Fredrick II, the "Iron" of Brandenburg | | | 1495 | William Stanley, Lord Chamberlain of England, executed for conspiracy | | | 1567 | Lord Darnley, murdered, possibly on orders of his wife, Mary Queen of Scots | | | 1822 | Duke Albert-Kasimir of Saxe-Teschen, at 83 | | | 1829 | Pope Leo XII (1823-1829) - Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiore Girolamo Nicola della Genga, b. 1760 | | | 1939 | Pope Pius XI (1922-1939) - Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti, b. 1857 | | | 1943 | Erich Rose, German-Jewish officer in the Spanish Division Azul, during a coutnerattack at Krasny Bor | | | 1948 | Sergei Eisenstein, director ("Battleship Potemkim"), at 48 | | | 1960 | Cardinal Aloysius Stepinac of Croatia, Nazi collaborator, Cold Warrior, b. 1898 | | | 1992 | Alex Haley, Coastguardsman, author ("Roots") | | 11 | 55 | Britannicus, son of Claudius, poisoned by Nero, at 12 | | | 567 | Theodora, joy girl, Byzantine Empress | | | 641 | Heraclius, Byzantine Emperor (610-641), c. 65 | | | 731 | Pope Gregory II (715-731) | | | 824 | Pope St. Paschal I (817-24) | | | 1961 | Patrice Lumumba, first premier of the Congo (later Zaire, now Democratice Republic of Congo), murdered | | | 1982 | Takashi Shimura, actor (“The Seven Samurai”), at 76 | | 12 | 1294 | Kublai Khan | | | 1554 | Lady Jane Grey and her husband Guilford Dudley, executed in the Tower | | | 1836 | Copenhagen, who carried the Duke of Wellington for 16 hours at Waterloo, at about 30 | | 13 | 1130 | Pope Honorius II – Scannabecchi Lamberto (1124-30) | | | 1332 | Andronicus II Paleologus, Byzantine Emperor (1282-1328) and monk | | | 1515 | Count Carlo II Malvizzi della Selva, strangled at 28 | | | 1542 | Catherine Howard, Mrs. Henry VIII No. 5, beheaded, at c. 18 | | | 1580 | Pommier, French peasant rebel leader, murdered | | | 1820 | The Duke de Berri, assassinated at Paris | | | 1883 | Richard Wagner, composer ("The Flying Dutchman") | | | 1891 | David D Porter, naval officer and reformer, U.S., at 77 | | | 1976 | General Murtala Mohammed, head of Nigeria, killed during a coup | | 14 | 869 | St. Cyril, the Apostle of the Slavs | | | 1021 | Caliph al-Hakim of Egypt (996-1021), at c. 36, probably murdered | | | 1400 | Deposed King Richard II (1377-99), murdered at 33 | | | 1571 | Benvenuto Cellini, sometime soldier, artist, at 70 | | | 1779 | James Cook, explorer, killed by Hawaiians | | | 1820 | Charles Ferdinand de Bourbon, Duke of Berry & Prince of France, assassinated at Paris | | | 1831 | Vincente Guerrero, Mexican national hero | | | 1891 | William Tecumseh Sherman, at 71 | | | 1979 | Adolph Dubs, US ambassador to Afghanistan, murdered | | 15 | 1145 | Pope Lucius II - Gherardo Caccianemici dal Orso (1144-1145) | | | 1152 | King Conrad III of the Germans (1138-1152), c. 58 | | | 1353 | Bertoldo Orsini, Roman Senator, stoned by a mob, Rome | | | 1400 | King Richard II (1377-99), murdered | | | 1482 | Marc’Antonio Malvizzi, Count Palatine & Baron of Quaranta & Quadri, kia | | | 1508 | Giovanni II Bentivoglio, condottiero, Lord of Bologna (1463-1506), deposed by Pope Julius II, at 65 | | | 1637 | Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II (1619-37), at 58 | | | 1818 | King Charles XIII of Sweden (1809-18) & Norway (1814-18), at 69 | | | 1820 | William Ellery, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, at 92 | | | 1905 | Lew Wallace, general, novelist ("Ben Hur"), at 77 | | | 1933 | Mayor Cermak of Chicago, of wounds from an assassin’s bullet | | 16 | 1279 | King Afonso III of Portugal (1248-79) | | | 1391 | John V Palaeologus, Byzantine Emperor (1341-91) | | | 1538 | Prince-Bishop Erardus van de Mark of Liege, at 65 | | | 1791 | Richard d'Alton, Governor-General of the Austrian Netherlands, suicide at 58 | | | 1899 | Pres. Félix Faure of France (1895-99), 57, allegedly whilst his mistress was performing oral sex | | | 1991 | Enrique Varela, Nicaraguan Contra Leader | | | 1992 | Abbas Musawi, leader of Hezbollah, assassinated | | 17 | 197 | Clodius Albinus, Roman emperor-aspirant (194-197), executed by Septimius Severus | | | 364 | Roman Emperor Flavius Jovianus Binda – Jovian (Jun 26, 363-Feb 17, 364), at c. 32, probably accidental poisoning | | | 956 | Count Hugh “the Great” of Paris, Duke of Francia, c. 55 | | | 1905 | Serge Alexandrovich, Governor-General of Moscow, assassinated | | | 1908 | Goyaalé ("Yawner") - Geronimo, warrior, card sharp, c. 79 | | | 1934 | Albert I of Saxe-Coburg, King of Belgium (1909-34), mountaineering accident | | | 1968 | 2nd Lt. Richard W. Pershing, 502nd Infanty, grandson of John J., kia, Vietnam | | | 1970 | Alfred Newman, composer (“Captain from Castille”), at 69 | | | 2003 | Isser Harel, founder of the Mossad, who captured Eichman, at 91 | | 18 | 999 | Pope Gregory V – Bruno of Carinthia (996-999) | | | 1397 | Enguerrand VII, Sieur de Coucy, Count of Soissons, at 56, in Turkish captivity | | | 1405 | Emir al Kebir Timur "i-Leng" -Tamerlane- on campaign in China, c. 68 | | | 1478 | Duke of Clarence, drowned in a barrel of wine | | | 1564 | Michelangelo Buonarroti, sometime military engineer, 88 | | | 1932 | Frederik Augustus III, deposed King of Saxony (1904-18), at 66 | | | 1967 | J. Robert Oppenheimer, “Father of the Atomic Bomb” | | 19 | 1860 | Sir William Francis Patrick Napier, soldier, historian (“History of the War in the Peninsula”) | | | 1867 | Samuel Downey, last Revolutionary War veteran (b. Nov 31, 1761) | | | 1936 | Billy Mitchell, aviation advocate & extremist, b. 1879 | | | 1945 | Wim Speelman, Dutch resistance fighter, executed by he Nazis at 26 | | | 1997 | Deng Xiaoping, Chairman, Chinese Communist Party, at 92 | | 20 | 1054 | Yaroslav I the Wise of Kiev | | | 1171 | Duke Conan IV of Brittany (1156-1171) | | | 1191 | King Tancredo of Sicily (1190-1191) | | | 1258 | Caliph al-Musta'sim of Baghdad(1242-1258), the last Abbasid, executed by Hulagu Khan | | | 1413 | Pope Martin V - Oddone Colonna (1417-1431) | | | 1493 | Giovanni Malvizzi, Patrician of Bologna, condottiero, assassinated | | | 1513 | Pope Julius II - Giuliano delle Rovere (1503-1513), warrior pontiff, patron of Michelangelo, at 69 | | | 1707 | Aurangzeb, Mogul Emperor of India since 1659 | | | 1773 | King Charles Emanuel I of Sardinia, at 71 | | | 1790 | Joseph II Holy Roman Emperor, at 48 | | | 1810 | Andreas Hofer, Tyrolese freedom fighter, shot by Napoleon’s order, at 42 | | | 1895 | Frederick Douglass, American, at 78 | | | 1966 | Fleet Adm Chester W Nimitz, at 80 | | | 1980 | Alice Roosevelt Longworth, the last of TR's brood, at 94. | | 21 | 1437 | King James I of Scots, assassinated by Robert Graham | | | 1543 | Ahmad Gran, Moroccan warlord, kia at Waim Dega | | | 1595 | Robert Southwell, Jesuit poet, hanged for being a Catholic priest in England | | | 1638 | Giovanni Maria Serbelloni, Count of Castiglione d’Adda, 48, Spanish Field Marshal, d/w Perpignan | | | 1648 | King Christian IV Denmark & Norway | | | 1730 | Pope Benedict XIII - Pietro F Orsini- (1724-30), at 81 | | | 1803 | Edward Despard and 6 other Irish nationalists, having the dubious honor of being the last men drawn & quartered in Britain | | | 1919 | Emir Habib Ullah Khan of Afghanistan (1901-19), assassinated at 46 | | | 1934 | Augusto Cesar Sandino, Nicaraguan nationalist, assassinated | | | 1965 | Malcolm X, assassinated | | | 1984 | Mikhail Sholokov, novelist ("And Quiet Flows the Don") | | 22 | 606 | Pope Sabinian (604-06) | | | 1071 | Count Arnulf III of Flanders, kia at Cassel | | | 1076 | Duke Godfried “the Humpbacked” of Lower Lorraine, murdered | | | 1371 | King David II Bruce of Scots (1331-71), at 46 | | | 1503 | Cardinal Giovanni Battista Orsini of Florence, of neglect in Cesare Borgia’s prison. | | | 1512 | Amerigo Vespucci, explorer, at 61 | | | 1913 | Francisco Indalecio Madero, ousted President of Mexico, assassinated at 39 | | | 1913 | José María Pino Suárez, ousted Vice-President of Mexico, assassinated | | | 1943 | Siblings Hans and Sophie Scholl, and Christoph Probst, German "White Rose" Resistance fighters, executed | | | 2000 | Lt Gen Hafiz al-Assad, Dictator of Syria since 1971 | | | 2002 | Jonas Savimbi, perennial Angolan rebel, b. 1934 | | | 2007 | Howard V. Ramsey, former Corporal, USA, last surviving veteran of the American Expeditionary Forces, at 108 less one month | | 23 | 1370 | King David II of Scotland | | | 1440 | Giles de Raiz, Marshal of France, war hero, child molestor, serial killer, executed | | | 1447 | Pope Eugene IV - Gabriello Condulmaro (1431-1447) | | | 1554 | Henry Grey, Duke of Suffolk (Lady Jane Grey's father), beheaded | | | 1660 | King Karl X Gustav of Sweden (1654-60), at 37 | | | 1718 | Francois Fagel, Dutch field marshal, at 63 | | | 1730 | Pope Benedict XIII - Pietro Francesco Orsini (1724-1730) | | | 1766 | Stanislaw Leszcynski, Duke of Lorraine & last King of Poland | | | 1781 | George Taylor, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, b. 1716 | | | 1847 | Col. Henry Clay, Jr., kia, Buena Vista | | | 1848 | John Quincy Adams, President (1825-1829), at 80, on the floor of the House | | | 1915 | Robert Smalls, black Civil War naval hero, at 75 | | | 1930 | Horst Wessel, Nazi thug, shot by Communists at 22 | | | 1942 | Stefan Zweig, historian, biographer ("Marie Antoinette"), suicide, at 60 | | | 1990 | James Gavin, who led the 82nd Airborne into Normandy, at 82 | | 24 | 616 | St. Ethelbert, King of Kent (580- or 590-616) | | | 1525 | Francis Duke of Lorraine, Prince Louis de la Tremouille of Talmont, Marshal Jacques de la Palice, & Richard de la Pole, Yorkist Pretender to the Throne of England, kia, Pavia, in French service | | | 1563 | Henri and Louis de Guise, leaders of the Catholic faction, assassinated by a Huguenot, temporariliy ending the French Wars of Religion | | | 1577 | Eric XIV, deposed King of Sweden (1561-1569), poisoned at 36 | | | 1953 | Gerd von Rundstedt, Nazi field marshal, b. 1875 | | | 1975 | Nikolai A Bulganin, Premier of the USSR (1955-58), at 79 | | | 2007 | Lother-Gunther Buchheim, U-bootsman, author (Das Boot), at 89 | | 25 | 1247 | Duke Hendrik IV of Limburg & Count of Bergen (1226-47) | | | 1535 | Duke Marcantonio II Colonna of Paliano, Grand Constable of Naples, poisoned | | | 1601 | Robert Devereaux, the Earl of Essex, executed for treason by his lover, Elizabeth | | | 1634 | Albrecht von Wallenstein, German military entrepreneur, murdered at 50 by imperial order | | | 1713 | King Frederik I of Prussia (1701-13), at 55 | | | 1978 | Gen Daniel "Chappie" James, American airman, at 58 | | | 2007 | CDR William R. Anderson, who took the Nautilus to 90-North, at 85 | | 26 | 1154 | Roger II, Count (1105-1130) & King of Sicily (1130-54), at 60 | | | 1266 | King Manfredo of Sicily, bastard of Frederik II, kia, Benevento | | | 1495 | Prince Djem of the Turks, guest of Pope Alexander VI; probably of natural causes | | | 1522 | Cuauhtemoc, the last Aztec emperor, hanged by Cortez | | | 1577 | King Erik XIV Wasa of Sweden (1560-69), at 43 | | | 1726 | Duke Maximilian II Emanuel of Bavaria | | | 1813 | Robert R Livingston, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, at 66 | | | 1903 | Richard Gatling, at 84 | | | 1961 | King Mohammed V of Morocco, at 51 | | 27 | 1261 | Duke Hendrik of Brabant (1248-61) | | | 1618 | Prince Filips Willem of Orange, at 63 | | | 1844 | Nicholas Biddle, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, at 85 | | | 1859 | Barton Key, shot by Dan Sickles in front of the White House | | | 1939 | Nadezda K Krupskaia, Russian Revolutionary, Wife of Lenin | | | 1941 | King Alfonso XIII Spain (1886-1931), b. 1886 | | | 1942 | Rear Adm Karel Doorman, RNN, kia at 52, Java Sea | | | 2002 | Spike Milligan, Royal Artilleryman, humorist (“Adolph Hitler: My Part in His Downfall”), b. 1918. | | 28 | 468 | Pope St. Hilary I (461-468) | | | 1261 | Duke Hendrik of Brabant (1248-61) | | | 1447 | Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, murdered at St. Albans | | | 1616 | Vincent Fettmilch, beheaded for leading an attack on the Jews of Frankfurt | | | 1618 | Prince Philip Wilhelm of Orange, at 63 | | | 1638 | Henri, duc de Rohan, French soldier & Huguenot leader | | | 1648 | King Christian IV of Denmark and Norway | | | 1781 | Richard Stockton, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, at 50 | | | 1844 | SecState Abel P Upshur, SecNav Thommas W Gilmer, Rep Virgil Maxey of Maryland, Capt Beverly Kennon, Chief, Bureau of Construction, Equipment, & Repair, David Gardiner of New York, the father of Julia Gardiner, fiancée to Pres John Tyler, presidential slave-valet Armistead, and two others, explosion, USS Princeton | | | 1966 | Charles A Bassett II astronaut, in T-38 crash at 34 | | | 1966 | Elliot McKay See Jr astronaut, in T-38 crash at 34 | | | 1986 | Sven Olof Palme, Swedish PM, assassinated in Stockholm | | 29 | 628 | Former Shah Khorsau II, executed by archers | | | 1172 | Cadwaladr ap Gruffydd | | | 1868 | King Ludwig I of Bavaria – Lola Montez’ friend - at 81 | | | 1928 | Marshal Armando Diaz of Italy, at 66 | | | 1945 | Marshal of the Soviet Union Nicholai Vatutin, ambushed by Ukrainian partisans | | | 1956 | Pres Elpidio Quirino of Philippines (1949-53), at 65 |
Event
| 1 | 266 | BC Triumph of D. Iunius Pera for the defeat of the Calabrians | | | 280 | BC Triumph of Tiberius Cornucanius for the defeat of the Etruscans | | | 772 | Accession of Pope Adrian I (772-795) | | | 1119 | Guido of Vienne elected Pope as Callistus II (1119-1124) | | | 1411 | First Peace of Thorn: The Teutonic Knights cede lands to Poland | | | 1539 | Treaty of Toledo: Francis I of France once again promises to let Charles V of the HRE & Spain have Italy, as they conclude an alliance against England | | | 1720 | Peace concluded between Sweden and Prussia | | | 1742 | Austro-Sardinian alliance concluded | | | 1789 | Vietnamese rebels expel Chinese troops from their capital, Thang Long | | | 1793 | Revolutionary France declares war on Britain & the Netherlands | | | 1799 | Battle of Assuan: French defeat the Mamlukes | | | 1800 | USS Constellation takes the French Vengence in a five-hour night battle | | | 1810 | Seville surrenders to the French | | | 1814 | Battle of La Rothiere: Napoleon defeats the Prussians | | | 1861 | Texas becomes the seventh state to secede | | | 1862 | Julia Ward Howe's "Battle Hymn of Republic" is published | | | 1864 | Austria and Prussia invade Denmark: 2nd Schleswig-Holstein War begins | | | 1864 | Grant initiates the Yazoo River Operation (to Feb 8th) | | | 1865 | Sherman begins marching through South Carolina | | | 1918 | Russia adopts the Gregorian calendar, so the date becomes Feb 14 | | | 1923 | Allied ultimatum on Lithuanian occupation of Memel | | | 1923 | Mussolini forms the “Fascist Voluntary Militia” | | | 1934 | Austrian Chancellor Dollfuss assumes dictatorial powers | | | 1942 | CVs Enterprise & Yorktown raid Japanese bases in Gilbert and Marshall Is. | | | 1943 | Germans make Vidkun Quisling premier of Norway | | | 1943 | Guadalcanal: Marines land on the west coast as the CAM Div captures Cape Tassafaronga, to find Japanese gone | | | 1943 | Japanese DDs bound for Guadalcanal tangle with U.S. a/c and PTs, but evacuate troops | | | 1943 | Marshal Paulus surrenders the German Sixth Army at Stalingrad [see Deaths] | | | 1943 | Nazi Collaborationist Cabinet installed in Belgium | | | 1944 | Japanese learn Australia has formed a war crimes commission. | | | 1944 | Marines land on Roi-Namur, Army lands on Kwajalein | | | 1945 | Japanese take Kukong, last Chinese stronghold on the Hankow rail line. | | | 1946 | Norwegian Trygve Lie is elected the first Secretary-General of the UN | | | 1951 | Alfred Krupp & 28 other German war criminals freed | | | 1958 | Army rocket launches Explorer I, 1st US satellite | | | 1958 | Egypt & Syria announce plans to merge as the United Arab Republic | | | 1960 | Rightist coup in Algeria | | | 1961 | Minuteman ICBM is successful in its first full scale test | | | 1965 | Martin Luther King Jr & 700 others arrested in Selma | | | 1968 | Saigon: Nguyen Ngoc Loan summarily executes a Viet Cong murderer | | | 1981 | France sells 60 Mirage fighters to Iraq | | | 2003 | Space Shuttle Columbia breaks up on re-entry, 7 die | | 2 | 962 | King Otto I of the Lombards (936-973) is crowned Holy Roman Emperor (962-973) | | | 1119 | Guido of Borgogna elected Pope as Callistus II | | | 1141 | Battle of Lincoln: Earls Ranulf of Chester & Robert of Gloucester defeat King Stephen of England & capture him for the Empress Matilda | | | 1160 | Crema, Lombardy, falls to Fredrick Barbarossa amid great slaughter | | | 1437 | Angevins surrender Gaeta (besieged from Dec 24) to the Aragonese | | | 1440 | Fredrick III is crowned Holy Roman Emperor | | | 1451 | Mehemet II becomes Sultan of the Turks | | | 1461 | Battle of Mortimer Cross: Yorkists defeat the Lancastrians | | | 1509 | Battle of Diu: Portuguese defeat Egyptian fleet, to secure control of Indian Ocean commerce | | | 1536 | Buenos Aires founded | | | 1645 | Battle of Inverlochy: Montrose defeats the Campbells | | | 1658 | Incorporation of the City of Nieuw Amsterdam | | | 1709 | Alexander Selkirk rescued from Juan Fernandez after five years | | | 1797 | Mantua surrenders to the French after an 8 month siege | | | 1848 | Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends the Mexican-American War | | | 1854 | Pope Pius IX issues an encyclical "On the Persecution of the Armenians" | | | 1864 | CSS Florida begins a commerce raiding cruise (to Oct 7th) | | | 1878 | Greece declares war on Turkey. | | | 1901 | Army Nurse Corps established | | | 1906 | Papal encyclical against separation of church & state | | | 1909 | Filippo Tommaso Marinetti publishes the “Futurist Manifesto,” calling for "cleansing" by war | | | 1913 | Grand Central Terminal in NY opens | | | 1915 | Turks attack the Suez Canal from the Sinai (retire on the 3rd) | | | 1920 | USSR recognizes Estonian independence | | | 1932 | Geneva disarmament conference begins with 60 countries | | | 1933 | Chancellor two days, Adolf Hitler dissolves the Reichsstag | | | 1942 | Bataan: Fil-Am troops counterattack | | | 1942 | British carrier Indomitable arrives at Trincomalee, Ceylon | | | 1942 | LA Times urges security measures against Japanese-Americans | | | 1942 | US ceases production of private cars to convert to war production | | | 1943 | Timor: Australian guerrillas present since Dec 8, 1941, are withdrawn by sea. | | | 1944 | US troops advance rapidly on Kwajelein and nearby islands. | | | 1945 | Escape attempt at Mauthausen concentration camp | | | 1972 | Irate Dubliners torch the British Embassy to protest 'Bloody Sunday' in Derry | | | 1989 | Soviet troops leave Afghanistan, ending nine years of war | | 3 | 337 | Election of Pope Julius I (337-352), later canonized | | | 1238 | The Mongols capture Vladimir, Russia | | | 1377 | Cardinal Robert of Geneva & John Hawkwood stage a massacre in Cesena, Italy | | | 1488 | Portuguese navigator Bartholomeu Diaz sights the Cape of Good Hope | | | 1517 | Selim I takes Cairo, and proclaims himself Caliph | | | 1576 | Henry of Navarre [Henri IV] escapes from Paris | | | 1591 | League of Torgau formed: Portestant German princes organize to oppose the Edict of Worms, which condemned Luther | | | 1706 | Battle of Fraustadt: The Swedes defeat the Saxons | | | 1740 | King Carlo IV de Borbone of Naples permits Jews to live in Sicily | | | 1781 | British capture St. Eustatia, Dutch West Indies | | | 1783 | Spain recognizes US independence | | | 1797 | Battle of Imola: the French rout the Papal Army | | | 1801 | The Senate ratifies the treaty ending the Quasi-War with France | | | 1813 | Battle of Niquitas: Bolivar's Columbians defeat the Spanish Royalists | | | 1852 | Battle of Monte Caseros: Insurgents defeat Argentine President Rosas, who flees | | | 1861 | Confederate States of America formed in Montgomery | | | 1864 | Sherman's Meridian Campaign, in Mississippi | | | 1915 | Turkish attack on Suez Canal fails | | | 1917 | German sub sinks US liner Housatonic, America severs relations | | | 1933 | Hitler informs his generals to prepare for war to secure Lebensraum | | | 1942 | Bataan: Fil-Am troops restore the Bagac-Orion line | | | 1943 | New Guinea: Aussie Kanga Force counterattacks from Wau, drives Japanese on Mubo | | | 1943 | Troop transport Dorchester torpedoed & sunk off Greenland with great loss of life | | | 1944 | U.S. ships shell Japanese island of Paramushiro in the Kuriles. | | | 1945 | Major air attack on Berlin; 3,000 tons of bombs | | | 1989 | Military coup overthrows Dictator Alfredo Stroessner of Paraguay | | | 1994 | Sergei Krikalev becomes the first Russian on the Space Shuttle, Discovery. | | | 1998 | USMC aircraft severs cable car line in northern Italy, 20 die | | 4 | 211 | Roman Emperors Caracalla (211-217) and Geta (211) assume the throne on the death of their father Septimius Severus | | | 634 | Arabs defeat Byzantines at Gaza | | | 900 | Coronation of Louis "the Child" III or IV, King of the Germans (b. 893, d. 911) | | | 1194 | King Richard I of England is ransomed from captivity in Austria for 100,000 marks | | | 1508 | Maximilian I assumes Holy Roman imperial title without being crowned | | | 1779 | John Paul Jones takes command of Bonhomme Richard | | | 1787 | The last of John Shays' Rebels surrender to Masschusetts authorities | | | 1807 | French capture Amantea, Calabria, from Neapolitan patriots, after a month's siege and heavy losses | | | 1809 | British troops take their first French eagles, from the 62nd & 80th Regiments on Martinique | | | 1860 | Spanish capture Tetuan, Morocco | | | 1861 | Confederate constitutional convention begins work in Montgomery, Ala | | | 1899 | Philippine Insurrection begins | | | 1932 | Japanese troops attack Harbin, Manchuria | | | 1938 | Hitler assumes direct control of German Army | | | 1941 | United Service Organization (USO) founded | | | 1942 | Japanese a/c damage CL Marblehead and CA Houston, Madoera Strait, Bali | | | 1942 | Last Australian troops on Amboina surrender. | | | 1943 | Japanese ships sortie from Rabaul to pull troops from Guadalcanal | | | 1943 | U.S. lands reinforcements and supplies on Guadalcanal. | | | 1943 | Veteran Aus 9th Div sails from Suez after two years in North Africa. | | | 1944 | Japanese launch major offensive against British in the Arakan, Burma. | | | 1944 | US 7th Infantry Division completes capture of Kwajalein | | | 1945 | The Yalta Confereence begins: FDR, Churchill, & Stalin | | | 1959 | Keel laid for USS Enterprise, first nuclear aircraft carrier | | | 1990 | Ten Israeli tourists murdered in Cairo | | 5 | 266 | BC Triumph of N. Fabius Pictor for the defeat of the Calabrians | | | 1265 | Guy le Gros is elected Pope as Clement IV (1265-1268) | | | 1428 | King Alfonso V orders conversion of the Jews of Sicily | | | 1500 | Triumphal return of Duke Ludovico “Il Moro” Sforza to Milan, after five years of French Rule (deposed again in April) | | | 1512 | French under Gaston de Foix capture Bologna | | | 1740 | Pope Clement XII restores the freedom of the Republic of San Marino, seized by Cardinal Alberoni the previous October | | | 1795 | French capture Zealand, the Netherlands | | | 1807 | Battle of Waltersdorf: Ney's French defeat the Prussians | | | 1864 | Union troops occupy Jackson, Mississippi | | | 1865 | Battle of Hatcher's Run/Armstrong's Mill/Dabney's Mill, Va | | | 1885 | Leopold II of the Belgians establishes the murderous "Congo Free State" | | | 1918 | Stephen W Thompson is the first US pilot to down an enemy airplane | | | 1942 | Adm Yamamoto holds a staff conference aboard BB Nagato, to plan “Second Phase” operations, which will lead to Coral Sea and Midway | | | 1942 | Singapore: Final elements of the British 18th Div arrive, by sea! | | | 1942 | Singapore: Japanese artillery fire from across the Straits of Johore | | | 1943 | Germans deport 12,000 Jews from Bialystock to death camps | | | 1943 | Guadalcanal: CAM Div continues advancing | | | 1943 | Guadalcanal: Japanese warships evacuate thousands of troops | | | 1944 | US declares Kwajelein secured: Japanese 5,100 kia, U.S. 142. | | | 1945 | New Britain: Australian troops land, further sealing off Rabaul | | | 1958 | Colision between a B-47 &F-86 at 36,000 feet off the Georgia coast, loses an H-Bomb, which is still missing |
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