| 1 | 1534 | King Frederick II of Denmark and Norway (1559-88) |
| | 1725 | Jean Baptiste, Comte de Rochambeau, who would win the Battle of the Virgnia Capes, insuring victory at Yorktown |
| | 1731 | Adm Viscount Duncan, in Dundee |
| | 1802 | Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy, d. 1878 |
| | 1833 | Alfred Thomas Archimedes Torbert, Brig Gen, U.S. |
| | 1872 | Louis Bleriot, first to fly an airplane across English Channel |
| | 1903 | Amy Johnson, aviatrix, d. 1941 |
| 2 | 419 | Valentinian III, Roman Emperor (425-455) |
| | 1830 | John Bordenave Villepigue, Brig Gen, C.S.A. |
| | 1836 | Henry Eugene Davies, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1894 |
| | 1903 | King Olav V of Norway (1957-1991) |
| | 1925 | Patrice Lumumba, Congolese politician, murdered, 1960 |
| 3 | 1423 | King Louis XI of France (1461-83) |
| | 1567 | Samuel de Champlain |
| | 1737 | Samuel Huntington, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1791 |
| | 1878 | George M. Cohan, not on the 4th, as he claimed |
| | 1886 | Adm. Raymond A Spruance, Victor of Midway |
| | 1913 | Hugh MacKenzie, British vice admiral |
| | 1951 | Jean-Claude "Baby Doc" Duvalier, sometime dictator of Haiti |
| 4 | 1546 | Sultan Murad III of Turkey (1574-95) |
| | 1799 | King Oscar I of Sweden and Norway (1844-59) |
| | 1804 | Nathaniel Hawthorne, militiaman, novelist (“The Scarlet Letter”) |
| | 1807 | Giuseppe Garibaldi - "Hero of Two Continents" |
| | 1826 | Green Clay Smith, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1895 |
| | 1828 | James Johnston Pettigrew, Brig Gen, C.S.A. |
| | 1872 | Calvin Coolidge, only President born on the 4th |
| | 1883 | Field Marshal Sir Alan Brooke, Chief of the Imperial General Staff |
| | 1916 | Iva "Tokyo Rose" Toguri D'Aquino, d. 2006 |
| 5 | 1781 | Stamford Raffles, founder of Singapore |
| | 1801 | David Glasgow Farragut, the First Admiral, d. 1870 |
| | 1853 | Cecil John Rhodes, imperialist |
| | 1889 | Jean Cocteau, sensitive artistic Nazi collaborator |
| | 1902 | Henry Cabot Lodge, tanker, diplomat |
| 6 | 1747 | John Paul Jones, who would go "in harm's way." |
| | 1796 | Tsar Nicholas I of Russia (1825-55) |
| | 1814 | Justus McKinstry, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1897 |
| | 1821 | Edward Winston Pettus, Brig Gen, C.S.A. d. 1907 |
| | 1832 | Maximilian, Archduke of Austria, Emperor of Mexico, executed 1867 |
| | 1892 | Baron Willy Coppens de Houthulst, Belgian ace |
| | 1909 | Andrei Gromyko, Soviet Foreign Minister (1957-1985) |
| | 1918 | Eugene List, noted concert pianist, GI, who played for the "Big Three" at Potsdam and numerous presidents, d. 1985 |
| 7 | 1813 | William Scott Ketchum, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1871 |
| | 1816 | Isaac Fitzgerald Shepard, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1889 |
| | 1824 | Alfred Pleasonton, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1897 |
| | 1827 | James Murrell Shackelford, Brig Gen, U.S. |
| | 1827 | William Montague Browne, Brig Gen, C.S.A. |
| | 1907 | Robert Heinlein, sometime naval officer |
| | 1919 | William Kunstler, Maj., U.S. Army, WW II, leftist attorney |
| 8 | 1528 | Duke Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy |
| | 1545 | Don Carlos, Prince of Spain, who was retarded, not mad, d. 1568 |
| | 1819 | Alexander Hays, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1864 |
| | 1821 | William H. L. Wallace, Brig Gen, U.S. |
| | 1824 | Waldimir Krzyzanowski, Brig Gen, U.S. |
| | 1826 | Benjamin Henry Grierson, Maj Gen, U.S., musician |
| | 1826 | Robert Kingston Scott, Brig Gen, U.S. |
| | 1838 | Count Ferdinand Graf von Zeppelin |
| 9 | 1578 | Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia and Hungary (1619-37) |
| | 1777 | Henry Hallam, historian (“View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages”), d. 1859 |
| | 1857 | Grand Duke Frederick II of Baden (1907-18) |
| | 1887 | Samuel Eliot Morison, sailor, historian ("Admiral of the Ocean Sea") |
| | 1956 | Tom Hanks, actor ("Saving Private Ryan") |
| 10 | 1509 | John Calvin, Protestant reformer with a high body count |
| | 1818 | John Stuart "Cerro Gordo" Williams, Brig Gen, C.S.A |
| | 1820 | Andrew Porter, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1872 |
| | 1821 | Christopher Columbus Augur, Maj Gen, U.S. |
| | 1833 | Lucius Eugene Polk, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1892 |
| | 1834 | James Whistler, USMA drop-out, artist (“Whistler’s Mother”) |
| | 1883 | Johann Blaskowitz, German general |
| | 1927 | David N. Dinkins, marine, Mayor of New York (1990-1994) |
| 11 | 1274 | King Robert I the Bruce of Scotland (1306-29) |
| | 1657 | King Frederick I of Prussia (1701-13) |
| | 1662 | Duke Maximilian II Emanuel of Bavaria |
| | 1767 | John Quincy Adams |
| | 1825 | Edward Henry Hobson, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1901 |
| | 1841 | William Paul Roberts, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1910 |
| | 1844 | King Peter I Karadjordjevic of Serbia (1903–1921) |
| | 1888 | Carl Schmitt, Nazi lawyer |
| | 1890 | Arthur W Tedder, British air marshal |
| | 1915 | Colin Kelly, American airman, kia 1941 |
| 12 | 100 | BC G. Julius Caesar, k. 44 BC |
| | 1807 | Silas Casey, Maj Gen, U.S., |
| | 1821 | Daniel Harvey Hill, Lt Gen, C.S.A., d. 1889 |
| | 1870 | Prince Louis II Onorato of Monaco (1921-1949), French general, d. 1949 |
| | 1895 | Kirsten Flagstead, Norwegian soprano, Nazi |
| | 1904 | Pablo Neruda, poet, Communist apologist |
| 13 | 40 | Gnaeus Julius Agricola, Roman general, d. 93 |
| | 100 | BC Gaius Julius Caesar, murdered 44 BC. |
| | 1396 | Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy |
| | 1489 | Francesco Ferrucci, Captain of Florence, kia, Gavinana, 1530 |
| | 1590 | Emilio Altieri - Pope Clement X (1670-1676) |
| | 1608 | Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary and Bohemia |
| | 1821 | Nathan Bedford Forrest, Lt Gen, C.S.A., Klansman, d. 1877 |
| | 1894 | Gavrilo Princep, who attained a measure of fame in 1914, d. 1918. |
| 14 | 1602 | Giulio Mazarini (Cardinal Mazarin), sometime soldier |
| | 1610 | Grand Duke Ferdinando II de' Medici of Tuscany (1621-1670) |
| | 1804 | Ludwig Benedek, Austrian general, who lost the big one at Konnigratz |
| | 1818 | Nathaniel Lyon, Brig Gen, U.S., KIA, Wilson's Creek, d. 1861 |
| | 1830 | Richard Henry Jackson, Brig. Gen, U.S. |
| | 1831 | William Dwight, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1888 |
| | 1913 | Gerald Ford, naval officer, President (1974-1976), d. 2006 |
| 15 | 1798 | Charles H Bell, naval officer, U.S., d. 1875 |
| | 1907 | Air Marshal Paterson Fraser, RAF |
| | 1917 | Robert Conquest, sometime soldier, historian ("The Great Terror") |
| | 1920 | Air Chief Marshal Ruthven Wade, RAF |
| | 1926 | Leopoldo Galtieri, Argentine general, dictator, d. 2003 |
| 16 | 1715 | Charles, Prince de Rohan-Soubise, Marshal of France |
| | 1823 | James Isham Gilbert, Brig Gen, U.S. |
| | 1829 | Robert Brown Potter, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1887 |
| | 1921 | Bernard Rogers, Supreme Commander, NATO |
| 17 | 1486 | Shah Ismail I of Iran (1499-1524) |
| | 1744 | Elbridge Gerry, Signer of the Declaration of Independence |
| | 1763 | John Jacob Astor |
| | 1859 | Luis Munoz-Rivera, Father of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico |
| | 1883 | Bart de Ligt, pacifist (Nobel Peace Prize, 1966) |
| | 1900 | James Cagney, actor ("The Fighting 69th", "The Gallant Hours") |
| 18 | 1552 | Rudolf II of Hapsburg, Holy Roman Emperor |
| | 1823 | Leonard Fulton Ross, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1901 |
| | 1862 | Napoleon V Bonaparte, pretender, d. 1926 |
| | 1863 | Archduke Franz Ferdinand, k. 1914 |
| | 1887 | Vidkun Quisling, quisling, executed 1945 |
| | 1918 | Count Alfonso Casati, kia, 1944, earning a Medaglia d’Oro with the San Marco Regiment |
| | 1921 | John H Glenn Jr, USMC, fighter pilot, astronaut, senator |
| 19 | 1814 | Samuel Colt, firearms inventor |
| | 1817 | Mary Ann Ball "Mother" Bickerdyke, Union nurse |
| | 1823 | George Henry Gordon, Brig Gen, U.S. |
| | 1828 | Roger Atkinson Pryor, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1919 |
| | 1833 | John Wesley Turner, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1899 |
| | 1922 | George McGovern, airman, politician |
| 20 | 1304 | Francesco Petrarcha, d. 1387 |
| | 1785 | Sultan Mahmud II of Turkey (1808-39) |
| | 1824 | Alexander Schimmelpfennig, Brig Gen, U.S. |
| | 1919 | Sir Edmund Hillary, war hero, co-conqueror of Mt. Everest |
| 21 | 1414 | Francesco della Rovere - Pope Sixtus IV (1471-1484) |
| | 1802 | David Hunter, Maj Gen, U.S., abolitionist, d. 1886 |
| | 1815 | Stewart Van Vliet, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1901 |
| | 1816 | Paul Julius von Reuter, founder of Reuters |
| | 1817 | Joseph K Barnes, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1883 |
| | 1826 | James Gillpatrick Blunt, Maj Gen, U.S. |
| | 1828 | John Rutter Brooke, Brig Gen, U.S. |
| | 1899 | Ernest Hemmingway, adventurer, author |
| 22 | 1478 | Philip I "the Handsome" of Hapsburg, husband to Queen Juana la Loca of Spain, titular king (28 Apr-25 Sep 1506) |
| | 1519 | Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti - Pope Innocent IX (29 Oct-30 Dec 1591) |
| | 1822 | John George Walker, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1893 |
| | 1830 | William Sooy Smith, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1916 |
| | 1849 | Emma Lazarus, Poet of the Immigrants (“Give me your tired . . . .”) |
| | 1892 | Arthur Seyss-Inquart, Austrian chancellor, Nazi war criminal |
| | 1923 | Bob Dole, veteran, senator, presidential candidate |
| 23 | 1339 | Louis I, Duke of Anjou, King of Naples |
| | 1401 | Francesco Sforza, Duke of Milan (1447-1466), condottiero, d. 1466 |
| | 1649 | Giovanni Grancesco Albani - Pope Clement XI (1700-1721) |
| | 1822 | Darius Nash Couch, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1897 |
| | 1824 | Gabriel Colvin Wharton, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1906 |
| | 1892 | Ras Tafari Makonnen - Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia (1930-74) |
| 24 | 1759 | King Victor Emanuel I of Sardinia (1802-21) |
| | 1783 | Simon Bolivar, The Liberator |
| | 1798 | John Adams Dix, Maj Gen, U.S., who said "If anyone attempts to haul down the American flag, shoot him on the spot." d. 1879 |
| | 1802 | Alexandre Dumas pere |
| | 1827 | Julius Adolph de Lagnel, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1912 |
| | 1895 | Robert Graves, soldier, poet, classicist, novelist ("Goodbye to All That"), d. 1985 |
| 25 | 1109 | King Afonso I “the Conqueror” of Portugal (1143-85) – see Events |
| | 1404 | Duke Philip de Saint-Pol of Brabant |
| | 1822 | Schuyler Hamilton, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1903 |
| 26 | 1467 | King Ferrante [Ferdinand] II of Naples (1495-1496) |
| | 1820 | John Marshall Jones, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1864 |
| | 1922 | Jason Robards, Pearl Harbor veteran, actor (“Tora! Tora! Tora!”), d. 2001 |
| | 1928 | Stanley Kubrick, director (“Paths of Glory”), d. 1999 |
| 27 | 1452 | Ludovico “il Moro” Sforza, illegitmate son of Francesco Sfroza, Duke of Milan (1494-1499; 1500), d. 1508 |
| | 1612 | Sultan Murad IV of Turkey, conqueror of Baghdad |
| | 1768 | Charlotte Corday, who met Jean Paul Marat in his bathtub |
| | 1812 | Thomas Lanier Clingman, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1897 |
| | 1824 | Alexandre Dumas, fils |
| | 1840 | Ranald Slidell Mackenzie, cavalryman |
| | 1924 | Vincent Canby, US Navy, WW II, drama critic, d. 2000 |
| 28 | 1746 | Thomas Heyward, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1809 |
| | 1778 | Charles Stewart, naval officer, U.S., d. 1869 |
| | 1809 | Ormsby MacKnight Mitchell, Maj Gen, U.S., astronomer, d. 1862 |
| | 1825 | William Duncan Smith, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1862 |
| | 1833 | James Henry Lane, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1907 |
| 29 | 1805 | Alexis de Tocqueville, who understood America |
| | 1817 | James Blair Stedman, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1883 |
| | 1828 | Cuvier Grover, Bvt Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1885 |
| | 1830 | Alvan Cullem Gillem, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1875 |
| | 1871 | Grigori Yefimovich Rasputin, monk who proved very hard to kill, d 1916 |
| | 1883 | Benito Mussolini |
| | 1905 | Dag Hammerskjold, Secretary General (1953-1961), Peace Nobelist (1961) |
| 30 | 1470 | Emperor Hongzhi of China (1487-1505) |
| | 1549 | Grand Duke Ferdinando I de'Medici of Tuscany (1587-1609) |
| | 1815 | Thomas Jackson Rodman, artilleryman, U.S. |
| | 1881 | Smedly Butler, maverick Marine, with two Medals of Honor |
| | 1909 | C. Northcote Parkinson, historian (“The Life and Times of Horatio Hornblower”), d 1993 |
| 31 | 1396 | Duke Philip the Good of Burgundy and Brabant, Count of Limburg |
| | 1443 | Duke Albrecht III of Saxony-Meisen |
| | 1527 | Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor (1564-76) |
| | 1803 | John Ericsson, inventor - USS Monitor |
| | 1816 | George Henry "Pap" Thomas, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1870 |
| | 1817 | Philip Cook Jr, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1894 |
| | 1825 | Thomas Hart Taylor, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1901 |
| | 1837 | William Clarke Quantrill, Confederate jayhawker, d. 1865 |
| | 1884 | Karl F Goerdeler, German anti-Nazi politician, murdered 1944 |
| 1 | 975 | King Edgar of England |
| | 1277 | Sultan Baibars of Mamluke Egypt (1260-1277), accidental poisoning |
| | 1360 | Giacomo I Caetani, Lord of Sermoneta, condottiero, hanged at c. 40 |
| | 1582 | The “Amirable” James Crichton, poet, scholar, linguist, assassinated in a street brawl by the son of the Duke of Mantua |
| | 1690 | Frederick, 1st Duke of Schomberg, Williamite, kia, Battle of the Boyne, at c. 75 |
| | 1776 | Francis Salvador, first Jewish-American known to have been kia |
| | 1839 | Sultan Mahmud II of Turkey (1808-39), at 53 |
| | 1863 | John Reynolds, Maj. Gen., U.S.A., kia, Gettysburg |
| | 1914 | Albert Pollio, Chief-of-Staff of the Italian Army, heart attack |
| | 1943 | Auguste Reitsma, C Baker, C L Barentsen, Coos Hartogh, Cor Rose, Henri Halberstadt, Johan Brouwer, Karl Groger, Koen Limperg, Rudy Bloemgarten, Willem Arondeus, & Willem Brouwer, heroes of the Dutch Resistance, murdered by the Nazis |
| | 1944 | Adm Chuichi Nagumo, Victor of Pearl Harbor, suicide on Saipan. |
| 2 | 783 | Bertha, mother of Charlemagne |
| | 936 | Henry I "the Fowler", Duke of Saxony (912-36), King of the Germans (919-36) |
| | 1298 | King Adolf von Nassau-Weilburg of Germany, kia Goellheim/Worms |
| | 1504 | Prince Stefan III "the Great" Bogdanowitz of Moldavia(1457-1504) |
| | 1822 | Denmark Vesey and five others, hanged in Charleston for a slave conspiracy |
| | 1850 | Sir Robert Peel, founder of the London Police Force |
| | 1863 | George Nixon, 73rd Ohio, d/w at Gettysburg; g-g-father of a president |
| | 1863 | Strong Vincent, Brig. Gen., U.S.A., kia, Gettysburg |
| | 1903 | Pope Leo XIII - Giacchino Pecci 1878-1903) |
| | 1915 | Porfirio Diaz, revolutionary general, president of Mexico (1876-1880 & 1884-1911, d 1915, surrounded by his teenaged mistresses |
| | 1918 | Sultan Mohammed V Resjad of Turkey (1909-18) |
| | 1937 | Amelia Earhart & Fred Noonan, lost in the Pacific |
| | 1961 | Ernest Hemingway, war correspondent, suicide, at 61 |
| | 1987 | Karl Linnas, accused Nazi, of heart failure awaiting trial in Russia |
| | 2004 | Marlon Brando, actor (“Morituri”), at 80 |
| 3 | 1191 | Albéric Clément, the first Marshal of France, of natural causes at Acre |
| | 1541 | Antonio Rincon, French emissary to the Grand Turk, & Cesare Fregoso, French emissary to the Most Serene Republic, murdered in Italy by agents of HRE Charles V |
| | 1642 | Marie de'Medici, widow of Henri IV of France; inventor of French cooking |
| | 1863 | Lewis A. Armistead, Brig Gen, C.S.A., KIA, Gettysburg |
| | 1863 | Lt. Alonzo Cushing, U.S.A., KIA, Gettysburg at 19 |
| | 1863 | Richard B Garnett, Brig Gen, C.S.A., KIA, Gettysburg |
| 4 | 1187 | Prince Reynoud de Chatillon of Antioch, kia at Hattin |
| | 1307 | Rudolf III, Duke of Austria and King of Bohemia |
| | 1450 | Lord Saye and Seal, beheaded at London |
| | 1500 | Guid’Antonio Malvizzi, Patrician of Bologna, assassinated. |
| | 1657 | Avise Mocenigo, Venetian admiral, when his flagship blew up in action against the Turks |
| | 1787 | Prince Charles de Rohan-Soubise, Marshal of France, 71 |
| | 1826 | John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, on the 50th anniversary of their Singing of the Declaration of Independence |
| | 1831 | James Monroe, major of the Continental Line, president, at 73 |
| | 1881 | Billy the Kid, shot by Sheriff Pat Garrett in New Mexico |
| | 1940 | NYPD Detectives Joseph Lynch & Ferdinand Socha, by a bomb at the British Pavilion, NY World’s Fair; IRA or Nazi involvement suspected but never proven |
| | 1943 | Wladyslaw Sikorski, Polish Premier-in-Exile, plane crash at Gibraltar |
| | 1971 | ADM Thomas Hart, at 94 |
| | 1974 | Grand Mufti of Jerusalem Mohammed al-Husseini, Nazi collaborator |
| 5 | 965 | Pope Benedict V (964-965) |
| | 1950 | Pvt Kenneth Shadrick, first American kia in Korea |
| | 1950 | Salvatore Giuliano, Sicilian bandit-hero, killed by police |
| | 1969 | Tom Mboya, Kenyan economics minister, assassinated in Nairobi |
| | 2005 | Vice Adm. James B. Stockdale, Medal of Honor, b. 1923 |
| 6 | 1187 | 200 Christian knights captured at Hattin, murdered by Saladin |
| | 1189 | King Henry II of England (1154-89), at 56 |
| | 1415 | Jan Hus, burned for heresy, Constance, Germany |
| | 1535 | Sir Thomas More, beheaded in England for treason |
| | 1553 | King Edward VI Tudor of England (1547-53) |
| | 1796 | Tsar Nicholas I of Russia (1825-1855) |
| | 1849 | Geoffredo Mameli, Italian nationalist, soldier-composer (“Fratelli d'Italia”), d/w at 21 |
| | 1893 | Guy de Maupassant, Volunteer of ’71, author ("Ball of Fat") |
| | 1975 | Otto Skorzeny, Nazi special operations wiz |
| 7 | 716 | BC Romulus, Founder and King of Rome (753-716) [Trad] |
| | 1307 | King Edward I of England (1272-1307) |
| | 1865 | David Herold, George Atzerodt, Lewis Paine, & Mary Surratt, hanged for Lincoln’s assassination |
| | 1930 | Sir Arthur Conan Doyle |
| 8 | 810 | King Pepin III of the Franks |
| | 975 | King Edgar of Northumbria & Mercia (958-975), at c. 32 |
| | 1115 | Peter the Hermit, who led the "Beggars' Crusade" |
| | 1151 | Pope Bl Eugene III - Bernardo Pignatelli (1145-1151) |
| | 1253 | Thibaud IV, Count of Champagne and King of Navarra, poet |
| | 1623 | Pope Gregory XV - Alessandro Ludovisi (1621-1623) |
| | 1730 | The Second Marshal Villeroi |
| | 1850 | Siyyid `Alí Mu?ammad. The Bab, foudner of Ba’hai, executed by firing squad for heresey in Tabrizx, Persia |
| | 1859 | King Oscar I of Sweden and Norway (1844-59), at 60 |
| | 1933 | Anthony Hope, author (“The Prisoner of Zenda”), at 70 |
| | 1959 | Dale Buisand & Chester Ovnand, first Americans killed in the Vietnam War |
| | 1994 | Kim Il-sung, "The Great Leader", at 82 |
| 9 | 518 | Eastern Roman Emperor Anastasius I Dikoros (491-518), at c. 91 |
| | 1386 | Emperor Leopold II, kia at Sempach |
| | 1500 | Count Giacomo V Caetani of Sermoneta, poisoned by the Borgias, at 50 |
| | 1553 | Maurice of Saxony, d/w from the Battle of Sievershausen |
| | 1746 | King Philip V of Spain (1700-46) |
| | 1755 | Maj Gen Edward Braddock, d/w on the Monongahela |
| | 1797 | Edmund Burke, at 68 |
| | 1850 | The Bab, executed for heresy in Tabriz, Iran, by firing squado |
| | 1850 | Zachary Taylor, soldier, President, 1849-1850, in the White House at 65 |
| | 1920 | Admiral of the Fleet Sir John “Jackie” Fisher, b. 1841 |
| 10 | 138 | Hadrian, Roman Emperor, "Optimus Princeps" (117-138) |
| | 472 | Western Roman Emperor Anthemius (467-472), executed |
| | 983 | Pope Benedict VII |
| | 1024 | Pope Benedict VIII |
| | 1086 | King Canute IV of Denmark |
| | 1099 | Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar - El Cid Campeador, in bed at c. 55 |
| | 1103 | King Erik I "the Good Hearted" of Denmark (1095-1103) |
| | 1290 | King Ladislaus IV of Hungary, murdered |
| | 1480 | Rene I d'Anjou, king-aspirant of Naples, Sicily, & Jerusalem |
| | 1559 | King Henry II of France (1547-59) |
| | 1584 | William, first Prince of Orange, assassinated at Delft |
| | 1653 | John Gerrard, English gentleman, hanged at Tyburn for brawling in the streets with Pantaleon Sa, also hanged, along with four of his servants. |
| | 1747 | Nadir Shah of Persia, assassinated |
| | 1920 | Eugenie de Montijo y de Guzman, Mrs. Napoleon III, at 94 |
| | 1937 | Rafael de Nogales Mendez Bey, soldier-of-fortune, in bed at 60 |
| | 1944 | Count Giovanni Pallavicini, kia, Warsaw. |
| | 1945 | Robert Goddard, rocketeer |
| 11 | 1174 | King Amalric I of Jerusalem |
| | 1302 | Jacques de Chatillon, Count of Saint-Pol |
| | 1450 | Jack Cade, English peasant rebel leader, killed near Lewes |
| | 1535 | Joachim I Nestor of Brandenburg, at 51 |
| | 1540 | Jan Szapolyai, Usurper of the Crown of Hungary |
| | 1804 | Alexander Hamilton, shot by Aaron Burr in a duel at Weehawken |
| | 1806 | James Smith, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, b. 1711 |
| | 1989 | Laurence Olivier, actor ("Henry V"), at 82 |
| 12 | 1434 | Berardo III da Varano, Co-Lord of Camerino (1424-1434), c. 45, his sons Ansovino, c. 13, Bartolomeo, c. 15, Gian Filippo, c. 17, Giovanni Venanzio, c. 22, Ladislao, c. 20, & Rodolfo Angelo, c. 24, and his brother, Gentile IV Pandolfo da Varano, Co-Lord of Camerino (1424-1434), c. 50, killed at mass by a mob |
| | 1536 | Desiderius Erasmus, humanist, at c. 70 |
| | 1640 | Count Henry Casimir I of Nassau-Dietz |
| | 1691 | General St. Ruth, killed at Aghrim, Ireland |
| | 1705 | Titus Oates, Espiscopal cleric, Royal Navy chaplain, persecutor of Catholics |
| | 1723 | 26 pirates, hanged by the British at Newport, RI |
| | 1935 | Maj. Alfred Dreyfus - see Events |
| 13 | 574 | Pope John III (561-574) |
| | 939 | Pope Leo VII (936-939) |
| | 1024 | King Henry II “the Monk” of Germany (1002-24) |
| | 1380 | Bertrand du Guesclin, Constable of France, hero of the Hundred Years' War, at c. 60 |
| | 1712 | Richard Cromwell, sometime “Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland” (1658-1659), at 86 |
| | 1793 | Jean Paul Marat, revolutionary, stabbed by Charlotte Corday in his bath |
| | 1807 | Henry Cardinal Stuart (“King Henry IX" of England) |
| | 1890 | John C Fremont, soldier, explorer, politician, at 76 |
| | 1989 | Arnaldo Ochoa Sanchez, Cuban general, murdered by Castro |
| 14 | 664 | King Erconberct of Kent |
| | 1223 | King Philippe II Augustus of France (1180-1223) |
| | 1253 | Count Theobald I of Champagne (1201-1253)/King Theobald IV of Navarre (1235-1253), at c. 52 |
| | 1483 | The Princes of the Tower: King Edward V, 12, and his brother Prince Richard of Shrewsbury, 9, sons of England's late King Edward IV, murdered by their uncle, who becomes King Richard III [Can’t get him off the hook folks] |
| | 1500 | Astorre Baglioni, murdered on his wedding night, with his brother Gismondo Baglioni, their father, Guido Baglioni, Lord of Perugia, and their cousin |
| | 1607 | St. Camillo de Lellis, Soldier and Physician, b. 1550 |
| | 1686 | Col. Francesco Pallavicino, Patrician of Naples & Siena, kia at Buda, at 32 |
| | 1711 | Prince Johan Willem Friso of Orange, Lord of Nassau-Dietz |
| | 1790 | Field Marshal Ernst Gideon von Laudon, Scottish-descended veteran of the Russian, Prussin, and Austrian Armies, at c. 74 |
| | 1817 | Baroness de Staël Holstein – Salon keeper to the illustrious |
| | 1904 | Pres Paul Kruger of the Transvaal (1883-1902), in exile at 78 |
| | 1918 | Quentin Roosevelt, airman, kia, France, at 18 |
| | 1958 | King Faisal II of Iraq (1939-58), Crown Prince Abdul Illah, & Premier Noeri el-Said of Iraq, lynched in Baghdad |
| | 1974 | Carl A Spaatz, bomber baron, USAF chief of staff, at 83 |
| 15 | 668 | Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II (641-668), at c. 58 |
| | 1291 | Rudolf I, Holy Roman Emperor |
| | 1410 | Ulrich von Jungingen, Hochmeister of the Teutonic Knights, and thousands of his minions, at Tannenberg. |
| | 1416 | Duke Jean de Berry, Captain of Paris |
| | 1685 | James, Duke of Monmouth, illegitimate son of Charles II, beheaded in the Tower by his uncle, James II |
| | 1869 | Capt A J Hayne, black Arkansas militia officer, assassinated |
| | 1948 | General of the Armies John J Pershing, at 87 |
| 16 | 1557 | Anne of Cleves, Mrs. Henry VIII No. 4, divorcee, of natural causes |
| | 1647 | Tomasso Aniello – Masaniello – Neapolitan insurgent leader, c. 25, murdered by Spanish agents |
| | 1670 | Marie-Madeleine-Marguerite d'Aubray, Marquise de Brinvillieurs, serial killer, executed at 45, for poisoning her parents and siblings, for their money, and lot of other folks for kicks. |
| | 1691 | Francois-Michel Le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois, French statesman |
| | 1764 | Tsar Ivan VI of Russia (1740-41), murdered at 23 |
| | 1922 | Pasquale Nofi, royal hunting guide, Itri, Italy, at 64 |
| | 1960 | Albrecht von Kesselring, German field marshal |
| | 1989 | Herbert von Karajan, Nazi conductor |
| 17 | 855 | Pope St. Leo IV (847-855), who fortified the Vatican |
| | 1025 | King Boleslav I “the Brave” of Poland |
| | 1061 | Pope Nicholas II (or July 27) |
| | 1070 | Count Baldwin VI of Flanders |
| | 1085 | Robert Guiscard (“the Weasel”), c. 70, Duke of Apulia and Calabria, Prince of Salerno, Lord of Sicily, at Corfu, while preparing to conquer the Byzantine Empire |
| | 1344 | Jacques Arteveldt, Dutch brewer and nationalist, slain |
| | 1453 | John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, English commander in France, kia, Châtillon |
| | 1566 | Bartolome de Las Casas, "Apostle of the Indies" at c. 92 |
| | 1676 | The Marchioness of Brinvilliers, poisoner, executed at Paris |
| | 1762 | Tsar Peter III Theodorovich of Russia (1762), at 34 |
| | 1793 | Charlotte Corday, assassin of Marat, guillotined |
| | 1794 | Dr. John Roebuck, founder of the Carron Ironworks, inventor of the carronade |
| | 1903 | James McNeill Whistler, West Point dropout, painter, at 60 |
| | 1918 | Tsar Nicholas II (1894-1917), 50, the Tsarina Alexandra, 48, Duchess Olga, 22, Grand Duchess Tatiana, 21, Grand Duchess Maria, 19, Grand Duchess Anastasia, 18, & the Tsarevich Alexei, 13, murdered by the Bolsheviks, along with some of their servants and their dog |
| | 1928 | Alvaro Obregon, general and president of Mexico, assassinated |
| | 1946 | Dragoljub "Draza" Mihailovic, Yugoslav Chetnic leader, who sometimes fought Nazis or communists |
| | 1947 | Raoul Wallenberg, one of the Righteous, at 34, a prisoner of the Soviet |
| 18 | 1100 | Count Geoffrey IV of Bouillon |
| | 1374 | Francesco Petrarcha, at 69, pen in hand |
| | 1608 | Joachim III Frederick of Brandenburg, at 61 |
| | 1610 | Michelangelo Merisi, known as “Caravaggio” - artistic murderer |
| | 1639 | Duke Bernard of Saxe-Weimar, Imperial general, at 35 |
| | 1642 | Count Willem of Nassau-Siegen |
| | 1792 | John Paul Jones, in Paris |
| | 1872 | Benito Juarez, Mexican president, at 66 |
| | 2005 | Gen. William Westmoreland, at 91 |
| 19 | 514 | Pope St Symmachus (498-514) |
| | 711 | King Roderic of the Visigoths, kia |
| | 1234 | Count Florian IV of Holland, killed in a tournament |
| | 1810 | Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of Prussia |
| | 1947 | Aung San, Burmese soldier & nationalist, assassinated; father of Peace Nobelist Aung San Suu Kyi |
| | 1965 | Syngman Rhee, President of South Korea (1948-1960) |
| 20 | 1031 | King Robert II de Vrome of France (996-1031) |
| | 1454 | King Juan II of Castille, at 49 |
| | 1923 | Doroteo Arango Arámbula - Pancho Villa, murdered at 55 |
| | 1927 | King Ferdinand I of Romania, at 61 |
| | 1936 | Jose Sanjurjo y Sacanell, Spanish dictator-aspirant, plane crash |
| | 1937 | Guglielmo Marconi, father of radio |
| | 1944 | Col. Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg, anti-Nazi conspirator, executed & Gen. Ludwig Beck, anti-Nazi conspirator, assisted suicide |
| | 1944 | Prince Joachim Murat, kia, during the Liberation |
| | 1951 | King Abdallah of Jordan (1921-1951), assassinated while at prayer |
| | 1951 | Mustafa Shuqri Ashu, assassin of King Abdullah, shot by the king’s bodyguards |
| | 2005 | James Doohan, Canadian, D-Day Veteran, actor (“Lt. Cdr Montgomery Scott”), at 80 |
| 21 | 330 | BC King Darius III of Persia, murdered by Bessos, to curry favor with Alexander |
| | 1061 | Pope Nicholas II |
| | 1425 | Byzantine Emperor Manuel Palaeologus (1391-1425) |
| | 1544 | Renatus of Nassau, Prince of Orange, slain in battle |
| | 1683 | William, Lord Russell, beheaded in Lincoln's-Inn-Fields |
| | 1796 | Robert Burns, poet |
| | 1899 | Robert Ingersoll, politician, orator, Col, USV |
| | 1967 | Basil Rathbone, actor ("Captain Blood", "Robin Hood") |
| | 1998 | Alan Shepard, astronaut |
| 22 | 1035 | Duke Robert II of Normandy |
| | 1298 | Sir John Graham, Scottish patriot, kia, Falkirk |
| | 1444 | Duke Oddo Antonio II de Montefeltro of Urbino (1443-1444), killed at 18 by two citizens for seducing their wives |
| | 1461 | King Charles VII of France (1422-61), at 58 |
| | 1627 | le Comptes de Boutteville & de Rosmadec des Chapelles, executed for the death of the Marquis de Bussy d'Amboise in a duel |
| | 1676 | Pope Clement X - Emilio Altieri (1670-1676) |
| | 1832 | The Duke of Reichstadt - Napoleon II Bonaparte, l'Aiglon, at 21 |
| | 1951 | Adm. Forrest P. Sherman, CNO, heart attack at 54, in Naples |
| | 1967 | Carl Sandburg, veteran, biographer, poet, at 89 |
| | 2003 | Odai and Qusai Hussein, sons of Dictator Saddam Hussein of Iraq, kia by US forces |
| 23 | 1403 | Henry Percy – “Harry Hotspur” - kia |
| | 1562 | Gottfried Gotz Freiherr von Berlichingen, German mercenary |
| | 1627 | Sir Robert Sherley, General of Artillery to the Shah of Persia, at 63 |
| | 1645 | Tsar Michael Theodorovich of Russia (1613-45), the first Romanov |
| | 1803 | Arthur Wolfe, Lord Kilwarden, murdered by the populace in Dublin |
| | 1885 | Ulysses S Grant, sometime soldier, at 63 |
| | 1944 | Helmuth von Moltke, anti-Nazi conspirator, executed |
| | 1951 | Henri Philippe Petain, Marshal of France, in prison |
| | 1955 | Cordell Hull, Sec State (1933-1944), Noble Peace Prize, 1945, b. 1871 |
| | 1973 | Eddie Rickenbacker, American ace |
| | 1999 | King Hassan II of Morocco (1961-1999), at 60 |
| 24 | 478 | St. Lupus of Troyes, holy enough to intimidate Attila |
| | 725 | The Venerable Bede, Anglo-Saxon historian |
| | 1424 | Orso Orsini, Lord of Monterotondo, drowned, Battle of Zagonara |
| | 1568 | Prince Carlos "the Mad" of Spain, not done in by his father |
| | 1794 | Alexandre de Beauharnais, Josephine's husband, guillotined |
| | 1862 | Martin Van Buren, President |
| | 1944 | Jan Postma, Dutch resistance worker, executed by the Nazis |
| | 1992 | Khaled Mahmoud Saeid, aide to Palestinian terrorist Abu Nidal, assassinated |
| 25 | 306 | Roman Emperor Constantius Chlorus, father of Constantine, at York |
| | 811 | Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus I(802-11), kia in Bulgaria |
| | 1492 | Pope Innocent VIII - Giovanni Battista Cibò (1484-1492) |
| | 1564 | Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, at 61 |
| | 1841 | Mary Rogers, “The Beautiful Cigar Girl" of New York, murdered at c. 25 |
| | 1929 | Robert Todd Lincoln, veteran, SecWar |
| | 1934 | Engelbert Dollfuss, Austrian chancellor, assassinated by Nazis |
| | 2006 | Carl M. Brashear, the first black diver in the USN, at 75 |
| 26 | 46 | BC Vercingetorix, Gallic hero, strangled in the Tullianum after Caesar’s first triumph |
| | 432 | Pope St. Celestine I (422-432) |
| | 711 | King Roderigo of Spain, kia by the Moors |
| | 795 | King Offa of Mercia (757-796) |
| | 811 | Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus I (802-811), kia by the Bulgars |
| | 1102 | King Ladislas I of Poland |
| | 1342 | Charles I of Anjou, King of Hungary (1307-42) |
| | 1471 | Pope Paul II - Pietro Barbo (1464-1471) |
| | 1494 | Count Nicola II Caetani of Sermoneta, poisoned by the Borgia, at 50 |
| | 1533 | The Inca Atahualpa, garroted by Francisco Pizarro |
| | 1541 | Francisco Pizarro, Conquistador, cut down at 66, sword in hand, calling on Christ |
| | 1560 | Jacopo Bonfadio, historian & poet, executed at Genoa |
| | 1592 | Armand de Gontent-Biron, Marshal of France, kia, the siege of Epernay |
| | 1630 | Duke Charles Emmanuel I “the Great” of Savoy |
| | 1852 | Baron Gourgaud, Bonapartist general |
| | 1863 | Sam Houston, Liberator of Texas, at 70 |
| | 1918 | Edward "Mick" Mannock, V.C., British ace, kia |
| | 1944 | Reza Shah Pahlavi of Iran (1925-1941), erstwhile Cossack |
| | 1952 | Maria Eva "Evita" Duarte Peron, at 33 |
| 27 | 1233 | Ferrand of Portugal, Count of Flanders, at 45 |
| | 1638 | Count Johan VIII de Jongere of Nassau-Siegen, kia at 54 |
| | 1675 | Marshal-General of France Henri Le Vicomte de Turenne, cannon balled |
| | 1689 | John Graham, of Claverhouse, first Viscount Dundee, kia |
| | 1777 | Jane McRae, slain by Indians, inflaming frontier Americans against the British |
| | 1916 | Charles Fryatt, British merchant mariner, executed by the Germans for ramming a submarine |
| | 1970 | Antonio de Oliveira Salazar, dictator of Portugal (1932-68) |
| | 1980 | Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi of Iran (1941-1979), in exile in Egypt |
| | 1984 | James Mason, actor ("Rommel"), at 75 |
| | 2003 | Bob Hope, veteran of 60 years of USO shows, at 100 |
| 28 | 450 | Roman Emperor Theodosius II, at Constantinople |
| | 1057 | Pope Victor II - Count Gebhard of Calw, Tollenstein, & Hirschberg (1055-1057) |
| | 1330 | Tsar Michael III Sisman of the Bulgars, kia at Velbuzda |
| | 1492 | Pope Innocent VIII |
| | 1540 | Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Essex, sometime Chancellor of England, beheaded on Tower Hill |
| | 1746 | John Peter Zenger, hero of "Freedom of the Press" |
| | 1794 | Maximilien Robespierre and 22 of his henchmen get to try the guillotine, ending the “Reign of Terror” |
| | 1808 | Sultan Selim III of the Ottoman Empire, assassinated at Constantinople |
| | 1813 | Andoche Junot, Duc d'Abrantes, Bonapartist commander |
| | 1835 | Édouard Adolphe Casimir Joseph Mortier, Marshal of France, slain by an “infernal machine” in Paris |
| | 1849 | King Charles Albert of Sardinia (1831-49) |
| | 1915 | Pres Vilbrun Guillaume Sam of Haiti (4 Mar-28 Jul 1915), torn to pieces by a mob |
| 29 | 1030 | King Olaf Haraldsson of Norway, kia Stiklestad |
| | 1095 | St. Ladislaus I, King of Hungary |
| | 1099 | Pope Bl Urban II - Odo of Lagery (1088-1099) |
| | 1644 | Pope Urban VIII - Maffeo Barberini (1623-1644) |
| | 1857 | Prince Charles Bonaparte of Canino, at 54 |
| | 1900 | King Umberto I of Italy (1878-1900), assassinated by Gaetano Bresci |
| 30 | 579 | Pope Benedict I (575-579) |
| | 1388 | James, Earl of Douglas, kia, Otterbourne |
| | 1616 | Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, Irish nationalist, at about 76 |
| | 1741 | Count Wierich von Daun, Austrian field marshal |
| | 1760 | Three of London’s four remaining medieval gates are sold for £416 10s |
| | 1811 | Miguel Hidalgo y Castilla, Mexican priest & freedom fighter, executed |
| | 1912 | Mutsuhito - the "Meiji" - 122nd Emperor of Japan |
| | 1918 | Joyce Kilmer, soldier-poet of the “Fighting 69th” – kia, Battle of the Ourcq |
| | 1967 | Alfried Krupp, the last sole propreitor; war criminal who got over |
| 31 | 1556 | St Ignatius of Loyola, sometime soldier, founder of the Jesuits |
| | 1602 | Charles de Gontaut, le duc de Biron, Marshal of France, beheaded for treason, at 40, in the Bastille |
| | 1653 | Adm Martin Harpertzoon Van Tromp, kia off the Texel |
| | 1714 | Queen Anne of Great Britain (1702-1714) |
| | 1750 | King John V of Portugal |
| | 1875 | Andrew Johnson, veteran, president, at 66 |
| | 1914 | Jean Jaures, socialist & pacifist, assassinated. |
| | 1944 | Antoine de Saint-Exupury, author and pilot, shot down over the Mediterranean south of France |
| | 1966 | Alex von Falkenhausen, German general |
| | 1993 | King Baudouin of the Belgians (1951-93), at 62 |
| 1 | 81 | BC Sulla ends the proscriptions |
| | 291 | BC Triumph of Q. Fabius Maximus Gurges for the defeat of the Samnites |
| | 776 | BC The First Olympiad begins. |
| | 1097 | Battle of Doryleum: Crusaders defeat Sultan Kilidj Arslan's Seljuk Turks near Nicaea |
| | 1266 | Treaty of Perth: Scotland “rents” the Western Isles from Norway at 100 marks a year |
| | 1482 | Battle of Loja: the Moors defeat the Castillians & Aragonese |
| | 1543 | Treaty of Greenwich: King Edward VI of England (9) is betrothed to his cousin Mary Queen of Scots (14) |
| | 1690 | Battle of Fleurs: The French defeat the Imperialists |
| | 1690 | Battle of the Boyne: Protestants massacre Catholics (12th NS) |
| | 1782 | American privateers raid Lunenburg, Nova Scotia |
| | 1816 | French frigate Medusa wrecked, inspiring Gericault's "The Raft of the Medusa |
| | 1823 | United Provinces of Central America gain independence from Mexico |
| | 1861 | Skirmish at Falling Waters/Martinsburg, Md: Union victory |
| | 1862 | Battle of Holly Spring, MS |
| | 1862 | Day 7 of the 7 Days: Malvern Hill/Harrison's Landing/Crew's Farm, Va. |
| | 1862 | US taxes incomes of $600 or more to help finance the Civil War |
| | 1863 | Battle of Gettysburg, Day1: Lee wins |
| | 1864 | Battle of Petersburg (to July 31) |
| | 1867 | The Dominion of Canada is formed |
| | 1870 | James W Smith becomes the first black man to enter West Point |
| | 1873 | Henry Flipper of Georgia is the second black man to enter West Point |
| | 1898 | Battles of El Caney and San Juan Hill, outside Santiago, Cuba |
| | 1898 | Skirmish at Aguadores, Cuba |
| | 1898 | US ships exchange fire with Spanish batteries, Havana |
| | 1903 | Geronimo is baptized in the Methodist Church |
| | 1913 | Second Balkan War: Serbia & Greece declare war on Bulgaria |
| | 1916 | Battle of the Somme begins |
| | 1940 | German troops occupy the Channel Islands |
| | 1942 | The Germans capture Sevastopol after a long siege |
| | 1943 | Japanese DD Hokaze damaged by US sub Thresher in the Southwest Pacific. |
| | 1943 | Marine 4th Raider Bn captures Viru Harbor on New Georgia. |
| | 1945 | Australians land at Balikpapan, Borneo, against stiff resistance |
| | 1946 | US test atomic bomb at Bikini Atoll, the 4th nuclear explosion |
| | 1950 | First US ground troops arrive in Korea |
| | 1960 | USSR shoots down US RB-47 |
| | 1961 | British troops land in Kuwait to prevent an Iraqi invasion |
| | 1962 | Belgian "Trust Territories" of Burundi and Rwanda became independent |
| | 1969 | Prince Charles is invested as the Prince of Wales |
| 2 | 310 | Accession of Pope St. Militades (or maybe 311), d. 314 |
| | 1187 | Saladin captures Tiberias, besieges the Citadel (falls 5th) |
| | 1214 | Battle of La Roche-aux-Moines (Angers) |
| | 1247 | Emperor Frederick II lays siege to Parma (lifted Feb 18,1248) |
| | 1298 | Battle of Goellheim\Worms: Albert of Austria defeats Adolf von Nassau Weilburg, his rival for Holy Roman Emperor |
| | 1431 | Battle of Bulgneville: The Angevins defeat the Lorrainers |
| | 1461 | Battle of Nidastore: The Malatesti of Rimini defeat Pope Pius II’s forces |
| | 1600 | Battle of Nieuport: Dutch defeat the Spanish |
| | 1625 | Breda falls to the Spanish after a year’s siege |
| | 1644 | Battle of Marston Moor: Roundheads defeat the Royalists |
| | 1704 | Battle of Schellenberg: Anglo-Imperialists defeat the Franco-Bavarians |
| | 1747 | Battle of Lauffeld: Marshal Saxe’s French defeat the Duke of Cumberland’s Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverians |
| | 1776 | Continental Congress declares the Thirteen Colonies independent |
| | 1777 | Vermont becomes 1st American "state" to abolish slavery |
| | 1814 | Jacob Brown captures Ft. Erie, Ontario, from the British |
| | 1820 | Carbonari coup at Naples installs a liberal Constitution |
| | 1861 | Battle of Hoke's Run, WV |
| | 1862 | Lincoln calls for an additional 300,000 volunteers |
| | 1863 | Battle of Gettysburg, Day 2: A draw |
| | 1863 | John Hunt Morgan's Burksville-Salineville Raid begins(to July 26) |
| | 1864 | Jubal's Raid: Winchester falls |
| | 1882 | James Garfield, veteran, mortally wounded by a disappointed office seeker |
| | 1898 | Cape Tunas, Cuba: US ships & Spanish batteries exchange fire |
| | 1898 | Santiago: US ships & Spanish batteries exchange fire |
| | 1898 | Skirmishing outside Santiago, as US begins close investment |
| | 1900 | Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin's first airship, the LZ-1, flies |
| | 1903 | US leases Guantanamo Bay from Cuba for $2,000 a year |
| | 1923 | Naval Research Laboratory established in Washington |
| | 1926 | Army Air Corps becomes an autonomous bracnh of the Army |
| | 1926 | Congress authorizes the Distinguished Flying Cross. |
| | 1934 | General Lazaro Cardenas elected president of Mexico |
| | 1941 | Nazis murder 7,000 in Lvov |
| | 1942 | Chiang names Stilwell commander of Chinese forces in India. |
| | 1942 | JCS authorize "Operation Watchtower," the seizure of Guadalcanal |
| | 1942 | New York Times reports Nazi mass murder of Jews |
| | 1943 | 37th and 43rd Divs and Marines land on Munda on New Georgia. |
| | 1943 | Japanese cruisers and destroyers shell U.S. positions at Rendova |
| | 1943 | Lt Charles Hall, 99th Pursuit Sqn, becomes the first black pilot to shoot down a Nazi plane, a Focke-Wulf 190 over Pantelleria |
| | 1944 | Marshal von Kluge replaces von Rundstedt in command in France |
| | 1944 | Saipan: Japanese retire northwards to make a last stand. |
| | 1944 | US troops land on Noemfoor, off New Guinea. |
| | 1951 | "Plan 9 from Outer Space" released; the worst movie in history |
| | 1957 | Grayback launched, first sub designed to fire guided missiles |
| | 1957 | Seawolf completed, first sub with liquid metal cooled reactor |
| | 1966 | First French nuclear explosion, Mururoa atoll |
| | 1980 | Pres Carter resumes draft registration for 18 year old men |
| | 1993 | Moslem fundamentalists set hotel on fire in Sivas, Turkey, 36 die |
| 3 | 323 | Battle of Adrianople: Constantine defeats Licinius |
| | 987 | Hugh Capet crowned King of France |
| | 1428 | Treaty of Delft: Between Jacob of Bavaria and Philip the Good of France |
| | 1448 | Battle of Scutari: The Albanians defeat the Venetians |
| | 1620 | Treaty of Ulm: German states declare neutrality in the Hapsburg-Bohemian conflict |
| | 1657 | Battle of the Dardanelles, Day 1: Venetians skirmish with the Turks |
| | 1778 | British & Indians massacre 360 men, women & children in Wyoming, Pa |
| | 1790 | Naval Battle of Viborg: Swedish fleet breaks out of the Russian blockade (since May 22) |
| | 1798 | Geo. Washington commissioned Lt Gen for the Quasi-War with France |
| | 1861 | Martinsburg, Va: Confederates pull out before US advance |
| | 1863 | Battle Gettysburg, Day 3: "Pickett’s Charge" is shattered |
| | 1863 | Battle of Donaldsonville, LA |
| | 1864 | Battle of Chattahoochee River, GA [until Jul 9] |
| | 1898 | Naval Battle of Santiago: Spanish squadron is annihilated |
| | 1915 | Erich Muenter blows up the Senate reception room |
| | 1939 | Ernst Heinkel demonstrates 800-kph rocket plane to Hitler |
| | 1940 | Royal Navy inflicts heavy losses on the French fleet at Oran, Algeria |
| | 1941 | Germans slaughter c. 2,000 Jews in Bialystock |
| | 1942 | Japanese from Tulagi land on Guadalcanal to construct an airfied |
| | 1943 | New Guinea: Australian 3rd Div links with MacKechnie Force, Nassau Bay |
| | 1944 | U.S. Navy ships bombard Iwo Jima and the Bonin Islands. |
| | 1945 | Australian troops capture oil fields at Balikpapan, Borneo. |
| | 1947 | USSR refuses to join the "Imperialistic" Marshall Plan |
| | 1950 | First US-North Korean clash: TF Smith is overrun |
| | 1954 | World War II food rationing ends in Britain |
| | 1976 | Entebbe Raid: Israel rescues 103 held by Palestinian hijackers in Uganda |
| | 1986 | Relighting of the Statue of Liberty after protracted renovations |
| | 1988 | USS Vincennes accidentally shoots down an Iranian airliner, 290 die |
| 4 | 1187 | Battle of Hattin: Saladin defeats the Crusaders under King Guy of Jerusalem |
| | 1190 | King Philip II's French & Richard I's English armies unite at Vezelay, to begin the 3rd Crusade |
| | 1299 | Battle of Cape Orlando: Roger de Lauria's Catalan fleet defeats the Sicilians |
| | 1301 | Battle of Breukelen: Holland defeats Lichtenberg. |
| | 1547 | Battle of Oglio: the French defeat the Spanish |
| | 1642 | Castro War: Battle of Codigoro - Papal Army defeats the Venetians |
| | 1657 | Battle of the Dardanelles, Day 2: Venetian fleet defeats the Turks |
| | 1708 | Battle of Holowczin: The Swedes defeat the Russians |
| | 1754 | George Washington surrenders Ft. Necessity to the French |
| | 1763 | Ojibwa and Sauk Indians capture Ft. Michilimackinac from the British |
| | 1776 | Independence Day: The Signing of the Declaration of Independence begins |
| | 1777 | John Paul Jones hoists the Stars and Stripes on Ranger, Portsmouth, NH. |
| | 1801 | 1st Presidential Review of the Marine Band and Marines, at the White House. |
| | 1802 | US Military Academy opens at West Point |
| | 1806 | Battle of Maida: upset British victory over the French in Calabria |
| | 1818 | Congress rules the flag shall have 13 stripes, and one star for each state |
| | 1832 | Samuel Francis Smith's "America" sung in public for the first time |
| | 1842 | Old gunboat Boxer is sunk in first trials of electrical underwater "torpedo" |
| | 1848 | "The Communist Manifesto" is published, inspiring countless murders |
| | 1857 | Great Battle between the Dead Rabbits and the Bowery B'hoys in The Bowery |
| | 1861 | Skirmish at Harper's Ferry, WV |
| | 1862 | Battle of Port Royal, SC |
| | 1862 | John Hunt Morgan begins a raid in Kentucky, from Tomkinsville to Somerset by JUL 28 |
| | 1863 | Battle of Gettysburg, Day 4: The armies hold their ground, as Lee hopes Meade will do a “Pickett”, while Meade sees no point in reprising a disaster |
| | 1863 | Battle of Helena, Ark: Union Victory |
| | 1863 | Skirmish at Smithburg, TN |
| | 1863 | Vicksburg surrenders to U.S. Grant |
| | 1866 | Battle of Monte Sullo: The Austrians defeat the Garibaldini |
| | 1866 | Battle of Vezza d'Oglio: The Garibaldini defeat the Austrians |
| | 1875 | White rioters kill blacks in Vicksburg |
| | 1879 | Battle of Ulundi: The British crush the Zulu Army |
| | 1895 | "America the Beautiful,” by Katherine Lee Bates, ispublishes |
| | 1936 | League of Nations applies sanctions on Italy over Ethiopia. |
| | 1942 | Aussie coastwatchers report Japanese airfield building on Guadalcanal. |
| | 1942 | First American bombing mission over Nazi-occupied Europe |
| | 1942 | Japanese DD Nehoni is sunk in the Aleutians by U.S. submarine Triton. |
| | 1942 | The AVG ("Flying Tigers") becomes the Fourteenth Air Force |
| | 1943 | Elms 37th Infantry Div land at Bairoko, on Kula Gulf |
| | 1943 | Japanese DDs with reinforcements for Vila, Kula Gulf, sink a U.S. DD |
| | 1944 | Elms 503rd Parachute Inf drop on Noemfoor, to reinforce troops there |
| | 1946 | Anti-Jewish riots in Kielce, Poland, 39 die |
| | 1946 | Philippines gain independence from US, on schedule despite World War II |
| | 1950 | USS Valley Forge & HMS Triumph make first UN air strikes of the Korean War |
| | 1976 | Israeli commando raid liberates a hijacked airliner at Entebbe, Uganda |
| | 1987 | Nazi Klaus Barbie, "Butcher of Lyon" convicted by a French court |
| 5 | 46 | Caesar returns to Rome following victory in the African War. |
| | 663 | Constans II visits Rome, the first emperor to do so in over a century |
| | 1044 | Battle of Menfo: The Germans defeat the Magyars |
| | 1187 | Saladin captures the citdael of Tiberias (invested the 2nd) |
| | 1294 | Pietro di Murrone is elected Pope as Celestine V (5 Jul-13 Dec 1294), abdicates, d. 1296, later canonized |
| | 1450 | Battle of Southwark: Jack Cade’s Kentish rebels beat Matthew Gough |
| | 1750 | Slave revolt in Curaçao |
| | 1806 | Spanish defeat a British attempt to take Buenos Aires |
| | 1809 | Battle of Wagram, Day 1: Napoleon v. the Austrians (ends 6th) |
| | 1809 | Rome: Napoleon’s troops kidnap Pope Pius VII and carry him into exile |
| | 1811 | Venezuela declares independence from Spain |
| | 1814 | Battle of Chippewa: "By God, these are regulars!" |
| | 1814 | US Sloop-of-War Peacock captures four British ships |
| | 1830 | The French capture Algiers |
| | 1861 | Battle of Carthage, Mo |
| | 1861 | Skirmish at Newport News: US retakes Gosport Naval Base |
| | 1863 | Battle of Gettysburg, Day 5: Lee retreats |
| | 1863 | Battles of Jackson and Birdsong Ferry, Ms |
| | 1865 | US forms the Secret Service, to combat counterfeiting |
| | 1924 | Military revolt in Sao Paulo, Brazil |
| | 1932 | Antonio de Oliveira Salazar becomes premier/dictator of Portugal (1932-1968) |
| | 1933 | Catholic Center Party disbanded by the Nazis |
| | 1941 | Surprise Peruvian offensive opens war with Ecuador (truce, July 22) |
| | 1942 | Aleutians: Sub Growler sinks Japanese destroyer Arare near Kiska. |
| | 1942 | Aerial recon confirms Japanese airfield construction on Guadalcanal. |
| | 1943 | "Tokyo Express" supply mission departs Rabaul |
| | 1943 | Damaged Japanese submarine I-7 is scuttled at Kiska |
| | 1943 | Japan cedes five Malay provinces to Siam, as a bribe. |
| | 1943 | The Battle of Kursk beings |
| | 1944 | Japanese at Imphal decide to withdraw, having lost 53,000 troops |
| | 1962 | Algeria becomes independent of France |
| | 1975 | Cape Verde Islands gain independence after 500 years under Portugal |
| | 1977 | Pakistan: coup by Gen Mohammad Zia ul-Haq |
| | 1993 | Kudish guerrillas murder 32 villagers in East Turkey |
| 6 | 83 | BC The Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus burns |
| | 432 | Consecration of Pope St. Sixtus III (432-440) |
| | 1266 | Norway cedes Man and the Hebridies to Scotland |
| | 1322 | Battle of the Bassignana: The Visconti defeat their enemies |
| | 1483 | England's King Richard III crowned |
| | 1495 | Battle of Foronovo: French King Charles VIII defeats the Italian League |
| | 1553 | Mary I ascends the throne of England |
| | 1560 | Treaty of Edinburgh: Scotland abandons its French ties to ally with England |
| | 1641 | Battle of Sedan: Imperialists defeat the French |
| | 1652 | Netherlands declares war on England: First Anglo-Dutch War begins (1652-54) |
| | 1685 | Battle of Sedgemoor: King James II defeats the Duke of Monmouth |
| | 1699 | Capt William Kidd arrested in Boston |
| | 1758 | Carlo Della Torre Rezzonico elected Pope as Clement XIII (1758-1769) |
| | 1777 | Burgoyne’s British & Hessians capture Fort Ticonderoga |
| | 1782 | Battle of Negapatam: Indecisive Anglo-French naval clash off India |
| | 1785 | Congress introduces the dollar |
| | 1801 | First Naval Battle of Algeciras: Franco-Spanish squadron defeats the British |
| | 1809 | Battle of Wagram, Day 2: Napoleon defeats the Austrians (ends 6th) |
| | 1861 | Skirmish at Middle Creek Fork/Buckhannon, WVa |
| | 1862 | Battle of Devall's Bluff, AR |
| | 1863 | Battle of Williamsport, Md begins (to Jul 7) |
| | 1864 | Battle of Chattahoochee River, Ga., begins (to Jul 10) |
| | 1864 | Jubal Early’s Rebs capture Hagerstown, Maryland |
| | 1898 | US Auxiliary Cruiser Dixie captures three Spanish merchantmen |
| | 1911 | First naval air station established, Annapolis, MD. |
| | 1917 | T.E. Lawrence and the Arab Army capture Aqaba |
| | 1923 | Union of Soviet Socialist Republics formed |
| | 1937 | Battle of Brunete: Spanish Republicans open offensive (defeated by 26th) |
| | 1942 | German troops capture Voronez, USSR |
| | 1942 | The Frank family seeks shelter in the After house, Amsterdam |
| | 1943 | Kula Gulf: USS Helena lost to "Tokyo Express," which loses a destroyer |
| | 1943 | U.S. ships begin periodic shelling of Japanese positions on Kiska |
| | 1945 | Movement to the US of captured German scientists and equipment begins |
| | 1945 | President Truman establishes the Medal of Freedom |
| | 1967 | Biafran War erupts as Nigerian forces invade secessionist province |
| | 1976 | First women asmitted to the U.S. Naval Academy |
| | 1985 | USS submarine Nautilus arrives at Groton, Ct., to become a museum |
| | 1987 | Sikh extremists begin a series of massacres in India |
| | 1989 | Col. Oliver North convicted in the Iran-Contra Scandal |
| | 1998 | Anti-Catholic rioting in Northern Ireland |
| 7 | 54 | BC Caesar defeats the Britons near Bigbury |
| | 1124 | Tyre surrenders to the Crusaders |
| | 1191 | Battle of Rudiano: Brescians defeat the Bergamesci |
| | 1456 | Ecclesiastical court clears Joan of Arc of witchcraft charges, posthumously |
| | 1460 | Battle of the Sarno/Salmi: The Angevins defeat Ferrante I of Naples |
| | 1495 | Ferrante II recovers Naples from Charles VIII's French |
| | 1498 | Lucrezia Borgia (18) marries Alfonso d’Aragona (17) |
| | 1540 | Francisco Vasquez de Coronado captures the Zuni Pueblo of Hawikul, NM |
| | 1647 | Masaniello initiates a rebellion against Spanish rule in Naples |
| | 1674 | Anti-Spanish uprising begins at Messina |
| | 1798 | Congress rescinds treaties with France; Quasi War begins |
| | 1798 | US Frigate Delaware captures French privateer Croyable. |
| | 1801 | Toussaint L'Ouverture declares Haitian independence |
| | 1807 | Tilsit: Napoleon makes peace with Prussia & Russia |
| | 1829 | Royal Military Chapel established |
| | 1838 | Central American Federation is dissolved |
| | 1846 | Commo John D. Sloat takes Monterey, claims California for the US |
| | 1861 | Skirmish at Great Falls, Va |
| | 1864 | Jubal's Raid: Skirmish at Middleton, MD |
| | 1908 | Great White Fleet leaves San Francisco Bay |
| | 1915 | First Battle of the Isonzo ends (from Jun 23) |
| | 1916 | Thomas Edison becomes head of Naval Consulting Board, to study new technology |
| | 1920 | USN aircraft tests the “radio compass”, Norfolk, Va |
| | 1937 | Marco Polo Bridge: Japanese initiate the "China Incident" |
| | 1941 | Iceland: Marines relieve British forces to fight elsewhere |
| | 1941 | Nazis murder 5,000 Jews in Kovono, Lithuania |
| | 1943 | Japanese ships sail from Paramushiro to evacuate the Kiska garrison. |
| | 1944 | RAF drops 2,572 tons on Caen, to support ground attack |
| | 1944 | Saipan: Japanese troops make a final "banzai" charge |
| | 1944 | U.S. B-29s from China attack Japan. |
| | 1944 | US troops capture Rosignano, NW of Rome |
| | 1948 | First women sworn into the Naval Reserve |
| | 1956 | Dynamite explosion, Cali, Columbia, over 1,000 die |
| | 1960 | USSR shoots down a US aircraft over the Barents Sea |
| | 1966 | Marines initiate “Operation Hasting” - to clear NVA from the DMZ |
| | 1999 | Sierra Leone: Agreement between Pres Ahmad Tejan Kabbah & Foday Sankoh ends civil war. |
| | 2005 | Islamist terrorists detonate 4 bombs on London subways and a bus, over 50 k, c. 700 injured. |
| 8 | 452 | Pope Leo I convinces Atilla the Hun not to attack Rome |
| | 1191 | Saladin burns Haifa |
| | 1283 | Battle of Malta: Ruggiero di Lauria’s Aragonese & Sicilians defeat the Angevin fleet in Malta Harbor |
| | 1520 | Battle of Otumba: Cortes defeats the Aztecs |
| | 1573 | Spanish capture Haarlem from the Dutch after a seven month siege |
| | 1709 | Poltava: Tsar Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden |
| | 1758 | Disastrous British/Provincial assault on French-held Ft Carillon/Ticonderoga |
| | 1776 | Col John Nixon gives first public reading of Declaration of Independence |
| | 1838 | Arabs attack Jewish community of Safed |
| | 1853 | Commo Matthew C. Perry sails frigate Susquehanna into Tokyo Bay |
| | 1860 | Great Fire of Dallas, touches off slave insurrection hysteria across central Texas, scores of blacks lynched |
| | 1861 | Skirmish at Florida, MI |
| | 1861 | Skirmish at Laurel Hill/Bealington, WVa |
| | 1865 | C.E. Barnes receives a patent for a machine gun |
| | 1898 | Commo George Dewey's US forces occupy Isla Grande at Manila |
| | 1912 | Capt Enrico Millo takes an Italian MTB sqn into the Dardanelles, to raid Turkish shipping in the Marmora |
| | 1918 | Ernest Hemingway wounded at Fossalto, on the Piave |
| | 1941 | Nazis order Jews in the Baltic States to wear a Star of David |
| | 1944 | British troops capture Caen, a month behind schedule |
| | 1944 | Guam shelled by U.S. ships |
| | 1945 | TF38 arrives off Japan with 20 carriers; to stay until the war is over |
| | 1950 | Douglas MacArthur named CinC UN forces in Korea |
| | 1954 | Military junta makes Colonel Armas president of Guatemala |
| 9 | 0 | National Prisoner-of-War/Missing-in-Action Recognition Day |
| | 455 | Eparchius Avitus proclaimed Roman Emperor (455-456); deposed, d. 457 |
| | 586 | BC Babylonian King Nebukadnezar II takes Jerusalem; beginning of the “Babylonian Captivity” |
| | 1553 | Battle of Sievershausen: Maurice of Saxony defeats Albert of Brandenburg-Kulmbach |
| | 1755 | Braddock's Defeat: the Battle of the Monangahela |
| | 1776 | Declaration of Independence is read to Washington's troops in NY, whereupon New Yorkers pull down George III’s statue at Bowling Green to make musket balls |
| | 1790 | 2d Battle of Ruotsinaslami/Svenksund: Russo-Swedish fleets clash (to the 10th) |
| | 1816 | Argentina declares independence from Spain |
| | 1846 | Landing party from USS Portsmouth occupies San Francisco. |
| | 1860 | Moslems commence 3-day massacre of Christians at Damascus |
| | 1862 | Gen John Hunt Morgan captures Tompkinsville, Ky |
| | 1863 | Union troops capture Port Hudson |
| | 1864 | Jubal's Raid: Battle of Monocacy, Md |
| | 1864 | Jubal's Raid: Confederates extort $200,000 from Frederick, Md |
| | 1876 | Black landowner murdered by white supremacists in Hamburg, SC |
| | 1900 | Commonwealth of Australia established |
| | 1915 | German South West Africa captured by South African troops |
| | 1916 | Cargo submarine Deutschland arrives in US from Germany |
| | 1917 | HM Battleship Vanguard blows up at Scapa Flow, 804 die |
| | 1918 | Congress establishes the Distinguished Service Cross |
| | 1918 | Henry Ford launches the first of 100 Eagle boats |
| | 1926 | Chang Kai-shek appointed national-revolutionary supreme commander |
| | 1926 | Gen. Sinel de Cordes leads coup in Portugal |
| | 1934 | Reichsfuhrer-SS Himmler takes command of German Concentration Camps |
| | 1940 | Battle of Punta Stilo: indecisive British-Italian fleet action |
| | 1940 | RAF bombs Germany |
| | 1941 | British break the German Russian Front air-ground ops code |
| | 1942 | Toscanini conducts the American premiere of Shoshtakovich’s “Leningrad Symphony” in New York |
| | 1943 | Italian blockade running sub Capellini reaches Sumatra. |
| | 1943 | US ships shelling Munda beat off c. 100 Japanese aircraft. |
| | 1944 | US secures Saipan: 3,200 US, 27,000 Japanese KIA, & many civilian suicides |
| 10 | 1099 | El Cid’s Last Victory: His corpse mounted on a horse leads his troops to break a Moslem siege of Valencia |
| | 1460 | Battle of Northampton: Lord Grey defeats King Henry VI |
| | 1609 | German Catholic League established under Maximillian of Bavaria |
| | 1690 | Battle of Beachy Head: French fleet defeats Anglo-Dutch fleet |
| | 1721 | Peace of Nystad: Ends the Great Northern War (1700-1721) |
| | 1775 | Horatio Gates orders blacks excluded from the Continental Army |
| | 1790 | 2d Battle of Ruotsinaslami/Svenksund: Swedish fleet beats Russians (from 9th) |
| | 1821 | U.S. takes possession of Florida from Spain |
| | 1861 | Combat at Monroe Sta., Va. |
| | 1863 | Battle of Jackson, Ms, beings (ends Jul 16) |
| | 1863 | Siege of Morris Island, SC, begins (ends Sep 6) |
| | 1898 | Marchand's French column occupies Fashoda, Sudan (stay 'til December) |
| | 1898 | Santiago: Skirmishing between US & Spanish troops |
| | 1913 | Romania declares war on Bulgaria |
| | 1917 | Emma Goldman imprisoned for obstructing the draft |
| | 1923 | All non-fascist parties in Italy are dissolved |
| | 1938 | Howard Hughes completes 91-hour 'round-the-world flight, NY-NY |
| | 1941 | Polish residents of Jedwabne massacre 1,600 Jews, and blame the Nazis |
| | 1942 | Himmler orders sterilization of all Jewish woman in Ravensbruck Camp |
| | 1942 | USAAF agrees to increase a/c strength in the Pacific, slowing buildup in Britain |
| | 1943 | First B-25 raid on Paramushiro (Kuriles) from Attu |
| | 1943 | Operation Husky: US & Commonwealth forces invade Sicily |
| | 1944 | Burma: Chinese engage in heavy fighting on the Salween front |
| | 1944 | Isolated Japanese troops launch a counter attack at Aitape, New Guinea |
| | 1944 | Marion Anderson sings "La Marseillaise" for de Gaulle, La Guardia, & NYC |
| | 1945 | Massive U.S./Br CV raids on airfields and industrial sites around Tokyo |
| | 1953 | American troops abandon Pork Chop Hill, Korea |
| | 1960 | Belgium sends troops to Congo |
| 11 | 355 | Silvanus proclaimed Roman Emperor at Colonia Agrippina (Aug 11-Sep 7, 355) |
| | 1244 | The Khwarismian Turks take Jerusalem, amid great slaughter |
| | 1269 | Battle of the Val d'Elsa: Florentine Guelfs defeat the Sienese Ghibellines |
| | 1276 | Election of Pope Hadrian V (Jul 11-Aug 18, 1276 |
| | 1289 | Battle of Campaldino: Florentine Guelfs (including Dante) defeat the Arretine Ghibbelines |
| | 1302 | Battle of Courtrai: Flemish burgers defeat French knights |
| | 1740 | Jews are expelled from Belarus by Tsarina Anne |
| | 1786 | US pays Morocco $10,000 to “protect” our ships from pirates |
| | 1792 | Prussia invades France |
| | 1798 | Congress reactivates the USMC, inactive since 1784 |
| | 1812 | US invades Canada near Detroit |
| | 1838 | Russian fleet of three ships-of-the-line & c. 30 other vessels wrecked in a storm on the Circassian coast, in the Black Sea |
| | 1859 | Peace of Villafranca: Austria cedes northern Italy to Sardinia |
| | 1861 | Battle of Rich Mountain, VA: Gen Rosecrans forces rebels to surrender |
| | 1862 | Lincoln appoints Henry Halleck general-in-chief |
| | 1898 | USN bombards Santiago harbor defenses |
| | 1915 | Germany cruiser Konigsberg scuttled near Dar-es-Salam, Tangynika |
| | 1919 | Navy Pay Corps becomes the Supply Corps |
| | 1934 | FDR is the first sitting president to transit the Panama Canal |
| | 1942 | Japanese GHQ acknowledges the results of the Battle of Midway |
| | 1943 | U.S. cruisers and destroyers shell Munda. |
| | 1943 | USN surface ships break German-Italian tank attack at Gela, Sicily |
| | 1955 | USAF Academy opens with 300 cadets at Lowry AFB, Colo. |
| | 1975 | 8,000 porcelain soldiers are unearthed in the tomb of Qin Shi Huangdi |
| | 1977 | Martin Luther King, Jr., posthumously awarded the Medal of Freedom |
| | 1999 | Puerto Barrios, Guatemala: Cols Bill Gross & Austin Bay lend a hand after a 6.8 earthquake stikes at 0814 |
| 12 | 1096 | “Beggars’ Crusade” under Peter the Hermit reaches Sofia in Hungary |
| | 1109 | Crusaders capture Tripoli, Syria |
| | 1151 | Election of Pope Anastasius IV (1151-1152) |
| | 1191 | Richard Lionheart & the Crusades take Acre after a long siege |
| | 1260 | Battle of Kroissenburnn: The Bohemians defeat the Hungarians |
| | 1276 | Ottobuono Fieschi elected Pope as Adrian V (12 Jul-18 Aug 1276) |
| | 1290 | King Edward I orders the Jews expelled from England |
| | 1434 | Massacre of Camerino: Slaughter of the Varano at mass |
| | 1470 | Turks capture Negroponte [Euboea] from the Venetians amid great slaughter |
| | 1543 | England's King Henry VIII weds Catherine Parr, his sixth and last wife |
| | 1573 | Haarlem falls to the Spanish, after a siege begun on Dec 11, 1572 |
| | 1691 | Battle of Aughrim, Ireland: William III defeats James II, ending the Williamite War |
| | 1702 | Battle of Klissow: The Swedes defeat the Saxons |
| | 1730 | Lorenzo Corsini elected Pope as Clement XII (1730-40) |
| | 1784 | Spanish-Neapolitan-Portuguese-Maltese fleet bombards Algiers (to 21st) to supress piracy |
| | 1794 | Calvi, Corsica: Lord Nelson loses his right eye |
| | 1801 | Second Naval Battle of Algeciras: British defeat a Franco-Spanish squadron |
| | 1806 | Napoleon establishes the Confederation of the Rhine |
| | 1812 | Gen Hull’s US forces invade Canada |
| | 1836 | First USN Engineer Officer commissioned, Charles H. Haswell |
| | 1861 | Combat at Barboursville/Red House, WVa |
| | 1861 | Combat of Beverly Ford, Va |
| | 1862 | Congress authorizes a “Medal of Honor” for the Navy |
| | 1864 | Battle of Ft. Stevens: Lincoln observes Jubal Early's Rebel skirmishers |
| | 1906 | Alfred Dreyfus is finally cleared of all charges by the French Army - see Deaths |
| | 1916 | USS North Carolina (ACR–12) becomes the first American ship regularly operating aircraft |
| | 1918 | Japanese battleship Kawachi is destroyed by an internal explosion in Tokuyama Bay |
| | 1941 | First Luftwaffe air raid on Moscow |
| | 1941 | Germans murder c. 5,000 Jews near Bialystock |
| | 1942 | New Guinea: Australian Maroubra Force reach Kokoda |
| | 1942 | U-Boat lands four German saboteurs on Long Island, who are soon captured |
| | 1943 | Kolombangara: "Tokyo Express" tangles with Allied ships, who lose, badly |
| | 1943 | Russians halt German offensive at Kursk |
| | 1944 | Allied attempt to take Myitkina, Burma, foiled by "friendly" air attacks |
| | 1944 | Theresienstadt Concentration Camp disbanded, with 4,000 people gassed |
| | 1948 | First jets to fly the Atlantic: 6 RAF de Havilland Vampires |
| | 1978 | Puerto Rican nationalist Willie Morales is severely injured by a blast in his bomb factory in New York, but escapes anyway |
| | 1982 | FEMA promises that survivors of a nuclear war will get their mail |
| 13 | 633 | Battle of Ajnadain: Arab Moslems defeat the Byzantines |
| | 982 | Battle of Stilo/Cape Colonna: HRE Otto II defeated by the Byzantines & Sicilian Moslems in Calabria |
| | 1462 | Battle of Mondolfo: The Papal Army defeats the Malatesti of Rimini |
| | 1494 | French Fleet prevents the Neapolitan Fleet from capturing Genoa |
| | 1534 | Ottomans capture Tabriz, Persia |
| | 1643 | Battle of Roundway Down: Cavaliers beat the Roundheads |
| | 1789 | The French Committee of Public Safety creates the National Guard |
| | 1863 | Battle of Bayou La Fourche, La |
| | 1863 | Battle of Tupelo/Harrisburg, Ms, begins (ends Jul 15) |
| | 1863 | USS Wyoming defeats Japanese warlord at the Shimonoseki Straits |
| | 1864 | Ashville, Georgia, captured by Union cavalry |
| | 1864 | Jubal Early retreats from Washington, towards the Shenandoah Valley |
| | 1878 | Congress of Berlin restructures the Balkans |
| | 1919 | Race riots in Longview & Gregg Counties, Texas |
| | 1941 | Anglo-Soviet mutual assistance pact is concluded |
| | 1942 | SS shoots 1,500 Jews in Josefov, Poland |
| | 1943 | New Guinea: Australian 3rd Div clears the Japanese from the Mubo |
| | 1944 | Fighting continues on Noemfoor. |
| 14 | 914 | Papal-Italo-Lombard-Byzantine army invests Arab-held Minturno (falls September) |
| | 939 | Acession of Pope Stephen [VIII] IX (939-942) |
| | 1187 | Saladin captures Nablus |
| | 1223 | Louis VIII becomes King of France (1223-1226) |
| | 1291 | Egyptian Mamlukes take Sidon |
| | 1420 | Battle of Vitkov: Hussites defeat the Imperialists |
| | 1456 | Battle of Belgrade: The Hungarians defeated the Ottomans |
| | 1500 | The “Wedding of Blood”: Astorre Baglioni marries Lavinia Colonna in Perugia, and estranged family members stage a coup |
| | 1536 | Pact of Lyon: France and Portugal ally against Spain |
| | 1714 | Aland Is: Russian fleet routs larger Swedish one |
| | 1789 | Citizens of Paris storm the Bastille |
| | 1799 | Michele “Fra Diavolo” Pezza weds Fortunata Rachele, Itri |
| | 1808 | Battle of Medina de Rio Seco: The French defeat the Spanish |
| | 1813 | Lt John M. Gamble, becomes the only US Marine to command a ship, the prize Greenwich |
| | 1822 | Denmark Vesey "Slave Conspiracy" in South Carolina uncovered |
| | 1825 | Lafayette reviews 2nd Bn, 11th NY Arty (7th NY), which adopts the name "The National Guard" |
| | 1853 | Commo Matthew Perry holds first meeting with Japanese officials |
| | 1861 | Battle at Carrick's Ford, Va |
| | 1861 | Bull Run Campaign: Gen McDowell advances toward Fairfax Courthouse |
| | 1861 | USN establishes a blockade of Wilmington, NC |
| | 1863 | Battle of Falling Waters, Md. |
| | 1867 | Alfred Nobel gives the first public demonstration of dynamite; |
| | 1882 | Four U.S. ships help British restore order in Alexandria, Egypt. |
| | 1900 | The “China Relief Expedition” captures Tientsin from the Boxers |
| | 1933 | Nazi Party becomes the only legal party in Germany |
| | 1938 | Mussolini begins persecution of Jews and other "non-Aryans” |
| | 1942 | India: Supply flights begin over "The Hump" to China |
| | 1942 | Yamamoto creates the Eighth Fleet for operations in the South Pacific |
| | 1943 | Japanese sub I-179 is lost to an accident in home waters. |
| | 1952 | Keel is laid for the USS Forrestal (CVA-59), the first supercarrier to be completed |
| | 1959 | First nuclear powered cruiser commissioned, USS Long Beach |
| | 1969 | Soccer War: El Salvador invades Honduras, c. 1000 die |
| | 1972 | Vietnam: Jane Fonda makes first of 10 broadcasts on Radio Hanoi. |
| 15 | 111 | BC Double Triumph of the Metelli Brothers: Marcus for the conquest of Sardinia, Gaius for Thrace |
| | 496 | BC Battle of Lake Regillius: Romans defeat the Tarquins |
| | 1099 | Crusaders capture Jerusalem, c. 40,000 slaughtered |
| | 1215 | King John of England "assents" to Magna Carta |
| | 1410 | Battle of Tannenburg: Poles and Lithuanians trounce Teutonic Knights |
| | 1500 | Alfonso d’Aragona, husband of Lucrezia Borgia, is brutally attacked at St. Peter’s (see 18 Aug) |
| | 1544 | "Battle of the Shirts" (Invergarry): Clans Ranald, Cameron, & Donald (8 of c. 600 survived) defeat Clan Fraser (4 of 300) |
| | 1761 | Battle of Vellinghuasen: Austrian night attack defeats the French by the 16th |
| | 1779 | "Mad" Anthony Wayne captures Stony Point, NY, at bayonet point |
| | 1789 | The Marquis de Lafayette is named Commander of the National Guard of Paris |
| | 1795 | The “Marseillaise” becomes the French national anthem |
| | 1862 | Battle of Yazoo Pas: CSS Arkansas fights USSs Cardondelet & Queen of the West |
| | 1864 | Confederate P/W train collides with a coal train, 65 die, 109 injured |
| | 1869 | Margarine patented by Hippolye Mega-Mouris, for use by the French Navy |
| | 1870 | Congress establishes the Navy Pay Corps, now the Supply Corps. |
| | 1907 | Turret blast in battleship Georgia (BB-15); 10 dead, 27 injured |
| | 1916 | William Boeing founds an aircraft company in Seattle |
| | 1918 | Second Battle of the Marne begins |
| | 1937 | Buchenwald Concentration Camp opens |
| | 1942 | Sub Grunion sinks 3 Japanese sub chasers and a ship in the Aleutians |
| | 1943 | Central Solomons: in a daylight air battle, the Japanese lose 45 a/c to 3 US. |
| | 1944 | Greenwich Observatory damaged by V-1 flying bomb |
| | 1944 | Heavy fighting in the Aitape area of New Guinea. |
| | 1945 | U.S. BBs raid the Japanese Home Islands, shell Kamamishi |
| | 1958 | Marines land in Lebanon, to support government (‘til October). |
| | 1974 | Greek extremists depose Archbishop Makarios as president of Cyprus |
| | 1992 | Aretha Franklin sings the national anthem at the Democratic National Convention, NYC |
| 16 | 622 | The Hadj: Mohammed flees Mecca for Medina - Islamic Chronology begins |
| | 1054 | The Great Schism between Western and Eastern Christianity |
| | 1099 | Crusaders herd Jews of Jerusalem into a synagogue & set it afire |
| | 1212 | Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa; end of Moslem domination of Spain |
| | 1429 | Joan of Arc leads French army in Battle of Orleans |
| | 1683 | Turkish troops under Kara Mustafa attack Vienna |
| | 1705 | Battle of Cassano d'Adda: The French defeat the Imperialists |
| | 1774 | Treaty of Kuchuk-Kainardji: ends Russo-Turkish War of 1768-1774 |
| | 1857 | Sir Henry Havelock arrives at Battle of Cawnpore |
| | 1861 | Skirmish at Millsville/Wentzville, Mo |
| | 1862 | David G. Farragut is named the first Rear Admiral in the USN |
| | 1894 | Battle of Kassale: Italians defeat the Sudanese Mahdists |
| | 1894 | Negro miners in Alabama killed by striking whites |
| | 1912 | RAdm Bradley Fiske receives a patent for the airborne torpedo. |
| | 1920 | Gen Amos Fries appointed First US Chief of Chemical Warfare |
| | 1940 | Hitler orders preparations for "Operation Sea Lion" |
| | 1942 | French police arrest c. 20,000 Jews as a favor for the Germans |
| | 1944 | Australian warships shell Japanese near Aitape, New Guinea. |
| | 1944 | With the aid of the Polish Resistance, the Soviets capture Vilna, Lithuania, from the Germans |
| | 1945 | Trinity: the first Atomic Bomb is tested in New Mexico. |
| | 1946 | US sentences 46 SS-men to death for the Malmedy massacre |
| | 1951 | King Leopold III of Belgium abdicates under pressure over wartime collaboration |
| | 1957 | Marine Maj John Glenn sets transcontinental air speed record (03:28:08) |
| | 1962 | NASA civilian test pilot Joseph A Walker takes X-15 to 32,600 m |
| | 1969 | Apollo 11 leaves for the Moon |
| | 2006 | Prince Vittorio Emanuele of Savoy, 69, heir to the throne of Italy, jailed on charges of running a gambling and prostitution ring. |
| 17 | 561 | Consecration of Pope John III (561-574) |
| | 663 | Constans II leaves Rome after a short stay; the last Roman Emperor to visit the Eternal City |
| | 1048 | Accession of Pope Damasus II (17 July-8 Aug 1048) |
| | 1245 | Pope excommunicates Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, for the third time |
| | 1453 | Castillon: French defeat the English, winning the 100 Years’ War |
| | 1461 | Battle of Sampierdarema: The Genovese defeat the Angevins |
| | 1465 | Battle of Montlhery: The French defeat the "Public Good" Rebels |
| | 1501 | The French invest Capua (Falls the 25th) |
| | 1509 | The Venetians recapture Padua from the French |
| | 1549 | Jews are expelled from Ghent, Belgium |
| | 1601 | Treaty of Lyons: Savoy annexes Saluzzo, France gains Bresse, Bugey, Gex & Valromey. |
| | 1762 | Catherine the Great becomes ruler of Russia, by murdering Peter III |
| | 1812 | USS Constitution escapes a British sqn after 3 day chase off New Jersey |
| | 1815 | Napoleon surrenders to the British at Rochefort |
| | 1858 | US Sloop-of-War Niagara begins supporting the laying of the first Atlantic cable. |
| | 1860 | Battle of Corriolo: The Garibaldini defeat the Borbons |
| | 1861 | Skirmish at Bunker Hill, Va |
| | 1861 | Skirmish at Fulton, Mo |
| | 1861 | Skirmish at Martinsburg, Mo |
| | 1861 | Skirmish at Scarrytown, WVa |
| | 1862 | John Hunt Morgan raids Cynthiana, Ky |
| | 1862 | Naval Engagement at Pascagoula River, MS |
| | 1862 | Skirmish at Columbia, TN |
| | 1862 | US army authorized to accept blacks as laborers |
| | 1863 | Battle of Honey Springs: largest Civil War action in the Indian Territory |
| | 1864 | John Bell Hood assumes command of the Confederate Army of Tennessee, sealing the fate of Atlanta |
| | 1898 | Spanish-American War: Santiago surrenders to the US |
| | 1903 | Army and Navy Joint Board formed. |
| | 1917 | British Royals change their name from Saxe-Coburg-Gotha to Windsor |
| | 1927 | USMC pilots conduct first combat dive bombing, Ocotal, Nicaragua. |
| | 1936 | Military coup in Spain, sparks Civil War |
| | 1942 | Amphib Force, SoPac Area, is established under Richmond Kelly Turner |
| | 1942 | MacArthur issues orders to occupy Buna, northeastern Papua. |
| | 1943 | RAF bombs German rocket research base at Pennemunde, on the Baltic |
| | 1943 | U.S. destroyers shell Kiska. |
| | 1944 | Having helped the Russians to liberate Vilna from the Germans, the leaders of the Polish resistance “Army Krajowa” are arrested by Stalin |
| | 1944 | Heavy fighting in the Aitape area, New Guinea. |
| | 1944 | Japanese Navy Minister Shimada, resigns, bringing down Tojo government. |
| | 1944 | Two ammunition ships explode at Port Chicago, Ca., 322 die |
| | 1945 | Potsdam Conference begins: Truman, Stalin, & Attlee |
| | 1945 | Third Fleet undertakes surface and air attacks on targets near Tokyo. |
| | 1962 | Robert White in X-15 sets altitude record of 108 km (354,300 ft) |
| 18 | 0 | Feast of St. Camillo de Lellis, Patron of Military Surgeons |
| | 64 | Great Fire of Rome begins, at which Nero didn't fiddle |
| | 387 | BC Battle of the Allia: Brennus’ Gauls defeat the Romans (or maybe 390) |
| | 477 | BC Battle of the Cremera: The gens Fabius is virtually wiped out by the Veientines |
| | 1185 | Battle of Alarcos: Abu Yusuf Ya'qub al-Mansur defeats King Alfonso VIII of Castille |
| | 1536 | Henry VIII declares the Pope's authority void in England |
| | 1630 | Spanish-Imperial troops storm Mantua amid great slaughter |
| | 1716 | Jews are expelled from Brussels, Belgium |
| | 1775 | Congress authorizes each colony to provide armed ships of war |
| | 1779 | Commo Abraham Whipple's squadron takes 11 British prizes |
| | 1806 | Gaeta surrenders to the French, after a siege that began Feb 12th |
| | 1812 | Treaty of Orebro: Great Britain, Russia, & Sweden ally against Napoleon |
| | 1813 | US Frigate President captures 4 British ships. |
| | 1814 | British capture Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin |
| | 1861 | Bull Run Campaign: Combat at Blackburn's Ford, Va |
| | 1863 | Cavalry skirmish near Columbus, Ga |
| | 1863 | Gallant attempt of the 54th Massachusetts to storm Fort Wagner |
| | 1898 | US and Spanish light forces engage in naval skirmish off Manzanillo |
| | 1907 | French troops attack Casablanca |
| | 1914 | Air Service formed within the Signal Corps |
| | 1915 | Second Battle of the Isonzo begins (to Aug 3) |
| | 1918 | US & French forces launch Aisne-Marne offensive |
| | 1920 | Naval aircraft sink ex-German cruiser Frankfurt in target practice. |
| | 1925 | “Mein Kampf” is published, and sells badly, until 1930, when it begins to top the charts |
| | 1941 | SS drowns 40 Jews in Dvina River, Belorussia |
| | 1942 | Maiden flight of the Messerschmitt Me 262, the first jet fighter |
| | 1943 | German u-boat downs K-47, only US airship lost to enemy action in WW II |
| | 1944 | Kuniaki Koiso forms new Japanese government, with the same old policies. |
| | 1944 | US troops capture St. Lo, Normandy |
| | 1945 | Australian troops take the Sambodja oil fields in Borneo. |
| | 1994 | Arab terrorist car bomb detonates at a Jewish center in Buenos Aires, 96 die |
| 19 | 711 | Battle of Guadalete: Tariq’s Arab-Berbers defeat the Visigoths, initialing a 781 year war for Spain |
| | 1333 | Battle of Halidon Hill: English defeat the Scots |
| | 1510 | 38 Jews are burned at the stake at Berlin |
| | 1525 | German Catholic princes form the Dessau League to combat Protestantism |
| | 1545 | King Henry VIII's flagship Mary Rose sinks at Portsmouth, 73 die |
| | 1553 | Lady Jane Grey, 15, deposed after nine days as England's Queen |
| | 1588 | Sir Francis Drake finishes his game of bowls, in time to go to sea to fight the Spanish Armada |
| | 1650 | Battle of Edinburgh: David Leslie defeats Oliver Cromwell |
| | 1701 | Battle of Dunamunde: The Swedes defeat the Saxons |
| | 1747 | Battle of the Colle dell'Assietta: The Piedmontese defeat the French |
| | 1799 | French troops building fortifications near Rosetta, find a curious stone |
| | 1812 | First Battle of Sackett’s Harbor: Americans beat off a British attack across Lake Erie |
| | 1861 | Combat at Parkersville, Mo |
| | 1863 | Battle of Buffington's Island, OH |
| | 1864 | Battle of Winchester/Stephenson's Depot, Va, begins (ends Jul 20) |
| | 1864 | Chinese Imperial troops liberate Naking from the Tai-ping rebels |
| | 1870 | Franco-Prussian War begins |
| | 1886 | Atlanta commissioned, first steel cruiser in the USN |
| | 1897 | Lt Robert E. Peary departs on a year long Arctic Expedition |
| | 1898 | US ships & Spanish batteries exchange fire, Havana |
| | 1918 | German armies retreat across the Marne |
| | 1918 | German U-156 sinks the armored cruiser San Diego off Fire Island, NY |
| | 1939 | RADM Richard Byrd named commanding officer of the 1939-1941 Antarctic Expedition |
| | 1940 | Battle of Cape Spada: Australian-British squadron sinks Italian CL Colleoni |
| | 1941 | Winston Churchill flashes "V for Victory" for the first time |
| | 1942 | 1800 Japanese troops depart Rabaul by ship for Gona. |
| | 1942 | German occupiers confiscate bicycles in the Netherlands |
| | 1943 | First Allied air raid on the Eternal City, 500 bombers hit rail yards |
| | 1943 | Japanese DDs land supplies at Vila, Kula Gulf. |
| | 1969 | Apollo 11 goes into orbit around the Moon |
| | 1979 | Marxist Sandinista government installed in Nicaragua |
| 20 | 514 | Election of Pope Hormisdas (514-523), later canonized |
| | 1031 | Henry I succeeds Robert II as King of France |
| | 1187 | Saladin captures Jaffa |
| | 1346 | Battle of Zara: The Venetians defeat the Hungarians |
| | 1402 | Battle of Angora: The Tatars defeat the Ottoman Turks |
| | 1502 | Cesare Borgia captures Camerino |
| | 1808 | Battle of Bailen: The Spanish defeat the French |
| | 1810 | Colombia declares independence from Spain |
| | 1812 | USS Nautilus captured by the Royal Navy |
| | 1813 | Battle of Sorauren, Day 3: Anglo-Spanish defeat the French |
| | 1846 | USS Columbus & USS Vincennes fail to "open" Japan |
| | 1858 | Gathering of Plombieres: Napoleon III and Cavour plot war with Austria |
| | 1860 | Garibaldi defeats Borbon troops at Milazzo, Sicily |
| | 1861 | Confederate Congress convenes at Richmond |
| | 1864 | Battle of Peachtree Creek: Confederates defeated |
| | 1866 | Battle of Lissa: Austrian fleet defeats the Italian fleet in the Adriatic |
| | 1871 | By Royal Warrant, Queen Victoria abolishes purchase in the British Army |
| | 1881 | Sioux leader Sitting Bull surrenders to federal troops |
| | 1899 | Five Italian-Americans are lynched in Tallulah, Louisiana |
| | 1913 | Turks retake Adrianople from the Bulgarians |
| | 1914 | Grand review of the Royal Navy off the Isle of Wight for King George V |
| | 1917 | Eugene Jacque Bullard, black American Foreign Legionnaire, commissioned a fighter pilot in the Lafayette Flying Corps |
| | 1942 | Congress creates the Legion of Merit |
| | 1942 | First WAACs begin basic training |
| | 1942 | German raider Thor sinks a British freighter in the Indian Ocean. |
| | 1943 | Kula Gulf: two Japanese DDs are sunk by U.S. aircraft |
| | 1943 | Solomons: Japanese sub damages Australian CL Hobart. |
| | 1944 | Death March of 1,200 Jews begins from Lipcani, Moldavia |
| | 1944 | Marines land on Guam. |
| | 1944 | The July Plot: Hitler isn't assassinated |
| | 1945 | Gala harbor reception for 15,000 men of the 44th Inf Div (NY/NJ NG) as they arrive at Pier 90 aboard the Queen Elizabeth |
| | 1945 | Sub Threadfish sinks Japanese Minesweeper No. 39 in the Yellow Sea. |
| | 1948 | US reinstitutes the draft, for the Cold War |
| | 1949 | Israel's 19 month war of independence ends |
| | 1974 | Responding to attacks on Turkish residents, Turkey invades Cyprus |
| | 1976 | Last US troops leave Thailand |
| | 1982 | IRA bombs explode in two London parks |
| 21 | 70 | Romans secure Jerusalem after four months, amid great slaughter |
| | 387 | BC “Vae Victis!”: Brennus’ Gauls occupy Rome, following their victory on the Allia (18th) (or maybe 390) |
| | 649 | Consecration of Pope St. Martin I (649-653) |
| | 1200 | Battle of Monreale: Papal-Norman army defeats Marcovaldo di Anweiler |
| | 1320 | Count Louis of Nevers marries the 8-year old daughter of Philip V |
| | 1403 | Battle of Shrewsbury: Henry IV defeats Henry Percy, the Earl of Northumberland |
| | 1527 | Plague miraculously ends at Itri |
| | 1667 | Treaty of Breda: ends the Second Anglo-Dutch War (1665-1667) |
| | 1691 | Antonio Pignatelli elected Pope as Innocent XII (1691-1700) |
| | 1711 | Treaty of the Pruth: ends Russo-Turkish War of 1710-1711 |
| | 1718 | Treaty of Passarowitz: Austria and Venice make peace with the Turks |
| | 1784 | Algiers agrees to terms after Italian allied bombardment that began July 12th |
| | 1798 | Battle of the Pyramids: Bonaparte defeats the Mamlukes |
| | 1823 | Lt David G. Farragut leads a raid to destroy a pirate base in Cuba |
| | 1861 | Battle of Bull Run/Manassas: Confederate Victory |
| | 1866 | Battle of Bezzecca: the Garibaldini defeat the Austrians |
| | 1905 | Turkish Sultan Adbul Hamid narrowly escapes assassination |
| | 1905 | USS Bennington (PG-4): Boiler explosion, 62 dead, 40 injured |
| | 1930 | Veterans' Administration established |
| | 1933 | Ticker tape parade on Broadway for Italo Balbo & his airmen |
| | 1941 | 200 Torahs are burned in Ukraine |
| | 1941 | Himmler orders building of Majanek Concentration Camp |
| | 1942 | Japanese land at Gona, northeastern Papua, despite Allied air attacks |
| | 1942 | Japanese warships shell Buna and nearby villages |
| | 1943 | US Navy cancels the Montana Class battleships |
| | 1944 | Pre-invasion bombardment of Tinian commences. |
| | 1945 | U.S. radio broadcasts demand that Japan surrender or be destroyed. |
| | 1946 | USN begins carrier trials of jets, an XFD-1 Phantom off FDR |
| | 1962 | Indian and Chinese troops skirmish in the Himalayas |
| | 1969 | Neil Armstrong’s “small step” - 2:56:15 AM GMT |
| | 1970 | Libya orders confiscation of Jewish property |
| | 1972 | Bloody Friday: 22 IRA bombs explode in Belfast |
| | 1997 | Little Sorrel's ashes interred at Stonewall Jackson’s statue at VMI |
| | 1997 | Restored USS Constitution sails for the first time in 116 years |
| 22 | 1209 | Crusaders capture Beziers from the Albigensians, amid great slaughter - "Kill them all; God will know His own." |
| | 1298 | Battle of Falkirk: English defeat the Scots |
| | 1306 | King Philip the Fair of France orders expulsion of Jews |
| | 1376 | The Pied Piper of Hamlin does his thing |
| | 1484 | Battle of Kirkconnel: The Duke of Albany is defeated by rebels. |
| | 1499 | Battle of Dornach: Swiss defeat Emperor Maximilian I |
| | 1555 | Battle of Sirind: The Moghuls defeat the Hindus |
| | 1631 | Battle of Werben: Swedes defeat the Imperialists |
| | 1775 | George Washington takes command of the American Army outside Boston |
| | 1802 | US Frigate Constellation defeats 9 corsair gunboats off Tripoli |
| | 1812 | Battle of Salamanca: Wellington's Anglo-Spanish Army defeats the French |
| | 1861 | Skirmish at Forsyth, Mo |
| | 1864 | Atlanta Campaign: Battle of Decatur, Hood attacks Sherman and losses |
| | 1878 | “Great Re-union of the Soldiers & Sailors of Ohio” - Newark. |
| | 1905 | The remains of John Paul Jones are removed from Paris to be transported to Annapolis |
| | 1916 | A bomb at a “Preparedness” parade in San Francisco kills 10 |
| | 1917 | Alexander Kerensky becomes PM of Russia (to Nov) |
| | 1941 | Defeated on all fronts in 16 day war with Peru, Ecuador agrees to a cease fire. |
| | 1942 | 1st Battle of Alamein: British halt German-Italian drive under Rommel |
| | 1942 | 300,000 Warsaw Ghetto Jews are sent to Treblinka extermination camp |
| | 1942 | Allied a/c attack Japanese shipping at Gona, as Imperial troops begin advancing on Buna and the Kokoda Trail |
| | 1942 | US initiates gasoline rationing |
| | 1943 | Aleutians: U.S. warships shell Kiska and nearby islets |
| | 1943 | Bougainville: Japanese seaplane CV Nisshin sunk by U.S. aircraft |
| | 1943 | Paramushiro: Japanese ships sail to complete evacuation of Kiska |
| | 1943 | Patton captures Palermo |
| | 1944 | Guam: Japanese counterattack is beaten off. |
| | 1944 | Soviets set up Communist Polish Committee of National Liberation |
| | 1946 | Jerusalem: Irgun bombs Br HQ in the King David Hotel, c. 90 die |
| | 1975 | House of Reps votes to restore citizenship to Robert E Lee |
| | 1987 | Soviet PM Gorbachev agrees to negotiate a ban on intermediate-range nuclear missiles |
| | 1987 | USN begins escorting re-flagged Kuwaiti tankers in the Persian Gulf |
| | 1988 | 500 US scientists pledge to boycott Pentagon germ-warfare research |
| 23 | 685 | Consecration of Pope John V (685-686) |
| | 1253 | Pope Innocent III orders Jews expelled from Vienne, France |
| | 1298 | Jewish community in Wurzburg, Germany, annihilated |
| | 1343 | Peace of Kalisz: Poland cedes Pomerania to the Teutonic Knights |
| | 1403 | Battle of Shrewsbury: Percys beaten by King Henry IV |
| | 1482 | Ottoman Prince Djem, defeated in a civil war by his brother Sultan Bajazet, takes refuge with the Knights of Rhodes |
| | 1595 | The Spanish sack & burn Mousehole & Penzance, Cornwall |
| | 1716 | Mug House Riots in London, between Jacobite and Hanoverian partisans |
| | 1759 | Keel is laid for HMS Victory |
| | 1793 | Mainz: Besieged French garrison surrenders to the Prussians |
| | 1798 | Napoleon captures Alexandria, Egypt |
| | 1803 | "United Irishmen" uprising begins against Union with Great Britain |
| | 1808 | Bailen, Spain: 18,000 French troops surrender to the Spanish |
| | 1812 | Battle of Mogilev, Russia: Napoleon defeats Tsar Alexander I |
| | 1846 | Henry David Thoreau spends a night in jail for opposing the Mexican War |
| | 1847 | Brigham Young says "This is the place." |
| | 1848 | Battle of Sommacampagna: Austrians defeat the Piedmontese |
| | 1849 | Baden: Republican regime surrenders to the Prussians |
| | 1864 | Battle of Woodstock, VA |
| | 1886 | Steve Brodie allegedly jumps from the Brooklyn Bridge into the East River |
| | 1898 | US landing at Rio Manimani, Cuba |
| | 1906 | Pogroms against Jews in Odessa |
| | 1913 | Arabs attack Jewish community of Rechovot, Palestine |
| | 1914 | Austria-Hungary issues ultimatum to Serbia |
| | 1921 | Chinese communist party formed |
| | 1940 | Hitler’s last visit to the Bayreuth festival, to hear Gotterdammerung |
| | 1940 | The "Blitz" begins: the first all-night Luftwaffe raid on London |
| | 1942 | German troops capture Rostov |
| | 1942 | Kokoda Trail: Japanese clash with Australian Maroubra Force at Awala |
| | 1943 | Battle of Kursk ends: Soviets win the greatest tank battle in history |
| | 1943 | New Georgia: Japanese attempt to land by barge frustrated by PT-boats. |
| | 1943 | US forces on New Georgia begin a drive to capture the airfield at Munda |
| | 1944 | Chinese troops renew an offensive on the Salween front, Burma |
| | 1944 | Heavy fighting on Guam |
| | 1944 | Soviet Army captures Lublin, Poland |
| | 1944 | US forces land on Japanese-held Tinian from nearby Saipan |
| | 1945 | Marshal of France Henri Petain, former Vichy leader, tried for treason |
| | 1945 | Raiders off sub Barb blowup train on the east coast of Sakhalin Island |
| | 1945 | U.S. & Commonwealth ships raid Japan, sinking over 100 ships |
| | 1952 | Gen Mohammed Naguib & the Free Officer Movement overthrow King Faruq of Egypt |
| | 1958 | Nautilus leaves Pearl Harbor to begin the first submerged crossing of the North Pole (90 N on August 3) |
| | 1974 | Greek military dictatorship collapses |
| 24 | 1132 | Battle of Nocera: Count Ranulf II of Alife defeats Roger II of Sicily |
| | 1148 | Second Crusaders besiege Damascus (withdraw the 28th) |
| | 1192 | Saladin captures Jaffa |
| | 1216 | Cencio Savelli elected Pope as Honorius III (1216-1227) |
| | 1505 | Portuguese fleet sacks and burns Kilwa, East Africa |
| | 1567 | James VI ascends the Scottish throne |
| | 1603 | James VI of Scots is crowned King of England as James I |
| | 1692 | French defeat William III of England at Steinkirk |
| | 1704 | British Admiral George Rooke takes Gibraltar from Spain |
| | 1813 | Elijah Mix, USN, tries to mine HMS Plantagenet, Cape Henry, Va |
| | 1848 | Skirmish at Salionze: Austrians defeat the Piedmontese |
| | 1848 | Skirmish at Staffalo: Piedmontese defeat the Austrians |
| | 1861 | Skirmish at Blue Mills, Mo |
| | 1861 | Skirmish at Taylor Mountain, WVa, |
| | 1864 | Battle of Winchester, Va |
| | 1883 | Arabi Pasha declares a holy war in Egypt against Britain and France |
| | 1900 | Race riot in New Orleans |
| | 1915 | Steamer Eastland capsizes dockside in Chicago, 800 die |
| | 1919 | Race Riot in Washington DC, 6 killed, 100 wounded |
| | 1923 | Allied Powers & Turkey sign peace treaty at Lausanne |
| | 1929 | Pres Hoover proclaims Kellogg-Briand Pact, which declares war naughty |
| | 1936 | Spanish Nationalists form junta to conduct civil war |
| | 1942 | Australian Maroubra Force is forced back from Alawa by the Japanese. |
| | 1942 | U.S. submarines begin operating in the Kurile Islands. |
| | 1943 | RAF bombs Hamburg, initiating a firestorm. |
| | 1943 | U.S. destroyers land supplies at Bairoko, on Kula Gulf. |
| | 1943 | U.S. subs ordered to deactivate defective magnetic torpedo exploders. |
| | 1943 | U-459 sinks when it shoots down RAF Wellington thatwhich crashes on her deck |
| | 1945 | Over 1,500 Allied CV a/c raid Kure, sinking three battleships |
| | 1948 | Soviets initate a blockade of Berlin |
| | 1959 | Veep Nixon's "Kitchen debate" with Soviet Premier Khrushchev |
| | 1969 | Muhammad Ali is convicted of refusing induction in the US Army |
| 25 | 0 | Feast of the Apostle St James the Greater, Patron of the Reconquista |
| | 1139 | Battle of Ourique: King Affonso I of Portugal defeats the Moors, personally accounting for five enemy knights – see Births |
| | 1261 | Byzantine Emperor Michael VIII recaptures Constantinople from the Latins |
| | 1360 | Jews are expelled from Breslau, Silesia |
| | 1391 | Battle of Alessandria: The Visconti defeat the French |
| | 1394 | Charles VI expels the Jews from France |
| | 1467 | Battle of Riccardino/Molinella: Bartolomeo Colleoni’s Venetians defeat Federico da Montefeltro’s Emilian-Romagnan alliance |
| | 1501 | The French capture Capua amid great slaughter (besieged since the 17th) |
| | 1581 | Seven Dutch provinces declare independence from Spain |
| | 1587 | Shogun Hideyoshi bans Christianity in Japan |
| | 1593 | "Paris is worth a mass" - Huguenot Henri IV converts to Catholicism |
| | 1670 | Austrian Emperor Leopold I expels 4,000 Jews from Vienna |
| | 1759 | The British capture Ft. Niagara from the French |
| | 1799 | Battle of Abukir: Bonaparte beats the Turks |
| | 1813 | Battle of Maya: French defeat the English |
| | 1814 | Battle of Lundy's Lane: Americans defeat the British |
| | 1822 | Gen Agustin Iturbide is crowned Emperor of Mexico |
| | 1835 | Ibrahim Pasha's army attacks Jewish residents of Hebron, Palestine |
| | 1848 | First Battle of Custoza: Austrians defeat the Piedmontese |
| | 1861 | Skirmish at Fort Fillmore, NM |
| | 1866 | David G. Farragut is appointed the first Admiral in the US Navy |
| | 1866 | U.S. Grant is named the first full general in the history of the US Army |
| | 1898 | First US troops land in Puerto Rice, at Guanica Bay |
| | 1909 | Louis Bleriot makes the first airplane flight across the English Channel |
| | 1912 | USN publishes its first specifications for aircraft |
| | 1918 | Race riot in Chester, Pennsylvania; 3 blacks & 2 whites killed |
| | 1934 | 1st presidential visit to Hawaii: FDR lands from USS Houston |
| | 1934 | Nazi coup fails in Austria |
| | 1938 | Spanish Republican Army begins an offensive on the Ebro |
| | 1942 | Japanese outflank the Maroubra Force, to come within six miles of Kokoda |
| | 1943 | King Victor Emanuel III & the Fascist Grand Council dismiss Mussolini |
| | 1943 | New Georgia: 25th Inf Div lands, to join heavy fighting |
| | 1943 | RAF bombs Fokker airplane factory in Amsterdam |
| | 1944 | Allied breakthrough at St-Lo, Patton begins his drive across France |
| | 1944 | First jet fighter used in combat, the Messerschmitt 262 |
| | 1945 | Japan says it will surrender, but not unconditionally |
| | 1946 | US detonates an underwater A-bomb at Bikini, the fifth atomic explosion |
| | 1947 | Army, Navy, & Air Force subordinated to the new Department of Defense |
| | 1956 | Liner Andrea Doria is rammed by the Stockholm off Nantucket, shortly before midnight |
| | 1963 | US, Russia, and Britain sign the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty |
| | 1966 | Mao Zedong (73) allegedly swims the Yangtze River |
| | 1984 | Cosmonaut Svetlana Savitskaya is the first woman to walk in space (Salyut 7) |
| | 1994 | Israel & Jordan formally end a state of war that existed since 1948 |
| | 1998 | CV Harry S. Truman commissioned |
| 26 | 46 | BC Day 1 of Caesar’s Triumph, for the conquest of Gaul, culminating in the dedication of the Temple of Venus Genetrix, honoring his divine ancestress |
| | 657 | Battle of Siffin: Muawiyah I, the first Umayyad, defeats Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib, Mohammed’s son-in-law |
| | 811 | Battle of the Verbita Pass: Bulgar Khan Krouma acquires Nicephorus I's skull as a drinking cup. |
| | 1469 | Edgecote Hill: Sir John Conyers’ Lancastrians defeat the Earl of Pembroke’s Yorkists |
| | 1649 | English fleet bombards Dunkirk |
| | 1757 | Battle of Hastenbek: The French defeat the Anglo-Hanoverians |
| | 1758 | British Gen James Wolfe captures Louisbourg |
| | 1759 | French troops vacate Ticonderoga, New York |
| | 1812 | US Frigate Essex captures British brig Leander |
| | 1822 | Secret meeting of Simon Bolivar & Jose de San Martin |
| | 1826 | Rioting in Vilna leaves many Jews dead |
| | 1833 | A Zulu impi raids the vicinity of the Portuguese fort at Lourenço Marques, Mozambique |
| | 1861 | Skirmish at Lane's Prairie, Mo |
| | 1863 | Salineville, OH: Confederate Brig Gen. John Hunt Morgan surrenders with 364 troopers |
| | 1898 | Skirmish near Yauco, Puerto Rico; Spanish withdraw |
| | 1898 | US Navy sweeps mines at Caimanera, Cuba |
| | 1912 | Lt. John Rodgers makes 1st airborne radio commo to a ship, USS Stringham |
| | 1918 | Race riot in Philadelphia, 3 whites & 1 black killed |
| | 1941 | Pres Roosevelt calls the Philippine Army into Federal Service |
| | 1942 | Capt Joy Bright Hancock is appointed Director, Women's Naval Reserve |
| | 1942 | Desperate fighting near Kokoda; Australians fall back to Deniki. |
| | 1942 | Japanese reinforcements land at Buna. |
| | 1942 | RAF bombs Hamburg |
| | 1943 | U.S. destroyers shell Munda. |
| | 1944 | At a strategy conference in Hawaii, FDR orders the liberation of the Philippines |
| | 1944 | Russian troops arrive on the Vistula |
| | 1945 | British ships and a/c raid Japanese bases on the west coast of Malaya. |
| | 1945 | Churchill resigns as Britain's PM |
| | 1945 | Japanese disregard US ultimatum |
| | 1947 | National Security Act establishes the CIA |
| | 1948 | Truman initiates the integration of the Armed Forces |
| | 1953 | Fidel Castro makes an unsuccessful attack on the Moncada Barracks |
| | 1954 | Chinese aircraft shoot down a British airliner, whereupon fighers off USS Philippine Sea (CVA-47) shoot down 2 Chinese a/c that fired on them while covering rescue operations |
| | 1956 | Liner Andrea Doria, rammed by the Stockholm off Nantucket a day earlier, sinks, 51 die |
| | 1957 | USSR launches its first intercontinental multistage ballistic missile |
| 27 | 46 | BC Day 2 of Caesar’s Triumph, for the Alexandrian War |
| | 1057 | Battle of Dunsinane Hill ("The Seven Sleepers"): Earl Siward defeats King MacBeth of Scotland |
| | 1214 | First Battle of Bouvines: King Philip II of France defeats Emperor Otto IV |
| | 1230 | Pope Gregory IX & Emperor Frederick II sign the Treaty of San Germano |
| | 1298 | Albert I, son of Rudolf of Hapsburg, crowned Holy Roman Emperor |
| | 1361 | Battle of Visby: Waldemar IV of Denmark defeats the Gotlanders |
| | 1365 | Princess Isabella of England marries Enguerrand de Coucy at Windsor |
| | 1597 | Battle of Amiens: Spanish defeat the French |
| | 1643 | Cromwell defeats Royalists at Battle of Gainsborough |
| | 1689 | Battle of Killiecrankie: Viscount Dundee defeats the Scots Jacobites under General Mackay |
| | 1778 | First Battle of Ushant: British and French fleets fight to a draw |
| | 1794 | Coup of Thermidor - the fall of Robespierre |
| | 1809 | Battle of Talavera de la Reina: Wellesley's Anglo-Spanish defeat the French |
| | 1816 | Fort Blount, Apalachicola Bay, Fla, attacked by US Troops |
| | 1830 | Revolution against Charles X breaks out in Paris |
| | 1839 | Chartist riots break out in Birmingham, England |
| | 1848 | Combat at Cerlungo: Piedmontese defeat the Austrians |
| | 1861 | Combat at Ft Fillmore, NM: Confederate victory |
| | 1861 | McClellan replaces McDowell in command of Union forces around Washington |
| | 1861 | Skirmish at St. Augustine Springs, NM |
| | 1864 | Battle of Darbytown/Deep Bottom/ Newmarket Road/Strawberry Plains, Va |
| | 1880 | Battle of Maiwand; Dr Watson is wounded |
| | 1897 | Grand Review of the Royal Navy off Spithead marking Queen Victoria’s Diamond Jubilee |
| | 1909 | Orville Wright demonstrates a plane for the Army, flying 72 minutes |
| | 1941 | Japanese forces land in Indo-China |
| | 1942 | Australian forces cling to Deniki, south of Kokoda in Papua, against fierce Japanese pressure. |
| | 1943 | Battle of the Pips: USN fires 100s of rounds at false radar blips, Kiska. |
| | 1943 | China Seas: Sub Sawfish sinks two Japanese ships |
| | 1943 | Japanese DDs Ariake & Mikazuki sunk off New Britain by U.S. Army a/c. |
| | 1943 | Stalin issues Order No. 227: "Panic makers and cowards must be liquidated on the spot. Not one step backward . . . !” |
| | 1944 | First British jet fighter enters combat, the Gloster Meteor |
| | 1944 | Marines clear northern Tinian and begin rebuilding the airfield |
| | 1944 | Soviets liberate Majanek Concentration Camp |
| | 1945 | Japan's cities are "bombed" with leaflets demanding surrender |
| | 1953 | North Korea & UN sign armistice |
| | 1954 | Armistice divides Vietnam in two |
| | 1955 | Bulgaria shoots down an Israeli passenger plane, 58 die |
| | 1990 | Belarus declares independence from the USSR |
| | 1995 | Korean War Veterans Memorial dedicated in Washington |
| 28 | 46 | BC Day 3 of Caesar’s Triumph, for the defeat of Pharnaces of Pontus |
| | 754 | Pope Stephen II makes Pepin the Short King of France |
| | 1148 | Second Crusaders abandon the siege of Damascus (invested the 24th) |
| | 1233 | Jaime I of Aragon liberates Burriana from the Moors |
| | 1330 | Battle of Velbuzda/Kiustendil: Serbians crush the Bulgarians |
| | 1424 | Battle of Zagonara: The Visconti defeat the Florentines |
| | 1480 | Ottoman army besieges Otranto, Naples (falls Aug 11) |
| | 1488 | Battle of Saint Aubin: The French defeat the Bretons |
| | 1813 | Battle of Sorauren, Day 1: Anglo-Spanish v. the French (ends 30th) |
| | 1835 | Giuseppe Fieschi attempts to assassinate King Louis Philippe by “infernal machine” in Paris |
| | 1862 | Skirmish at More's Hill, Mo: Confederates defeated |
| | 1864 | Atlanta Campaign: Battle of Ezra Church |
| | 1866 | The U.S. officially adopts the metric system |
| | 1898 | Skirmish at Ponce, Puerto Rico, which shortly surrenders to the US |
| | 1914 | Austria-Hungary attacks Serbia, igniting WW I |
| | 1914 | Mme. Caillaux is cleared of murder charges. |
| | 1931 | Congress makes "The Star-Spangled Banner" the national anthem |
| | 1932 | Douglas MacArthur’s greatest victory, the defeat of the Bonus Army |
| | 1942 | Papua: Australians retake Kokoda in a spirited counterattack. |
| | 1943 | FDR announces an end to coffee rationing |
| | 1943 | Japanese squadron rescues over 5,000 troops from Kiska in an hour |
| | 1943 | The RAF firebombs Hamburg, c. 40,000 die |
| | 1944 | Japanese at Myitkyina withdraw, commander commits hara-kiri |
| | 1945 | Kamikaze sink their last ship, DD Callaghan, off Okinawa. |
| | 1945 | US Army B-25 crashes into 79th floor of Empire State Bldg, 14 die |
| 29 | 46 | BC Day 4 of Caesar’s Triumph, for the defeat of Numidia |
| | 1014 | Battle of Cledon: Byzantines defeat the Bulgars |
| | 1030 | Battle of Stiklestad: Norwegian Christians triumph over pagans, in a fight punctuted by a solar eclipse |
| | 1187 | Saladin captures Sidon |
| | 1364 | Battle of Cascina: The Florentins defeat the Pisans |
| | 1488 | Battle of Sant Albin an Hiliber: The French defeat the Bretons |
| | 1693 | Battle of Neerwinden: The French defeat the English & Dutch |
| | 1813 | Battle of Sorauren, Day 2: Anglo-Spanish v. the French (ends 30th) |
| | 1846 | Landing party off USS Cyane captures San Diego |
| | 1864 | Battle of Macon, GA (Stoneman's Raid) |
| | 1874 | Maj. Walter Copton Wingfield patents a portable tennis court |
| | 1915 | German sabotage plans are found on the IRT subway in NYC |
| | 1918 | First meeting between FDR & Winston, Gray's Inn, London |
| | 1937 | China Incident: Japanese troops occupy Peking & Tientsin |
| | 1942 | Buna: Japanese land reinforcements, despite losses to Allied a/c |
| | 1942 | Japanese retake Kokoda from the Australians, who fall back on Deniki |
| | 1943 | New Guinea: 43rd Div Cdr relieved, as his troops press on slowly. |
| | 1944 | Marines take Orote airstrip on Guam against fierce Japanese resistance |
| | 1945 | CA Indianapolis torpedoed & sunk; nearly 900 die over the next four days |
| | 1945 | U.S. warships shell naval and air bases on Honshu. |
| | 1949 | Berlin Airlift ends, as Soviets end blockade |
| | 1953 | Soviets shoot down US patrol bomber northeast of Vladivostok |
| | 1966 | Military coup by Nigerian Chief of Staff Jakubu Gowon |
| | 1967 | Fire aboard carrier USS Forrestal in Gulf of Tonkin, 134 die |
| 30 | 634 | Arabs defeat Byzantines at Agnadain, Palestine |
| | 657 | Consecration of Pope Vitalian (657-672) |
| | 1291 | Egyptian Mamlukes take Haifa |
| | 1371 | Massacre of the mercenary Compagnia del Bruco at Florence |
| | 1419 | The First Defenestration of Prague: Initiates the Hussite Wars |
| | 1588 | Battle of Gravelines: Indecisive clash that decides the fate of the Spanish Armada |
| | 1609 | Champlain uses a musket to help the Huron defeat the Iroquois, initiaing a 150-year Franco-Iroquois war |
| | 1638 | Battle of Wittenweir: French defeat the Imperialists |
| | 1839 | Amistad "Mutiny": Slaves liberate themselves |
| | 1863 | Lincoln orders retaliation if Confederates kill black P/Ws |
| | 1864 | Petersburg Campaign: Battle of the Crater |
| | 1866 | Race riot in New Orleans |
| | 1898 | US ships & Spanish batteries exchange fire at Manila |
| | 1909 | US Army accepts delivery of first military airplane |
| | 1913 | Conclusion of Second Balkan War |
| | 1916 | German saboteurs blow up munitions stored at Black Tom Island, NJ |
| | 1918 | 1st Marine Aviation Force lands at Brest, France |
| | 1941 | Japanese "accidentally" bomb USS Tutuila (PR-4), Chungking, China |
| | 1942 | German occupiers set curfew on Jews in the Netherlands |
| | 1942 | SS kills 25,000 Jews in Minsk, Belorussia |
| | 1942 | Sub Grunion declared "over due," probably lost to hazards of the sea. |
| | 1942 | VAdm Mikawa arrives at Rabaul to assume command of the Eighth Fleet. |
| | 1942 | WAVES (Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service) created |
| | 1943 | New Georgia: Heavy fighting continues. |
| | 1943 | U.S. DDs shell suspected Japanese positions on Kiska. |
| | 1944 | 6th Inf Div lands on the Vogelkop, NW New Guinea, and offshore islands. |
| | 1945 | British midget subs sink Japanese cruiser with mines in Singapore. |
| | 1945 | Near Samarinda, Borneo, Japanese troops slaughter several hundred Dutch civilian men, women, and children interned since 1942. |
| | 1966 | US airplanes bomb demilitarized zone in Vietnam |
| | 1971 | Japanese Boeing 727 collides with an F-86 fighter, 162 die |
| | 1971 | US Apollo 15 (Scott & Irwin) lands on Mare Imbrium on the Moon |
| | 1997 | Islamist suicide bombings in Jerusalem, 14 Israelis killed |
| 31 | 904 | The Arabs sack Thessalonica |
| | 1009 | Consecration of Pietro “Bucca Porci” as Pope Sergius IV (1009-1012) |
| | 1192 | Richard I recaptures Jaffa from Saladin, who had it 17 days |
| | 1291 | Egyptian Mamlukes take Beirut, end the Latin presence in the Holy Land |
| | 1498 | Christopher Columbus lands at Trinidad, on his third voyage |
| | 1667 | Peace of Breda: Second Anglo-Dutch War ends |
| | 1777 | The Marquis de Lafayette becomes a major-general in the Continental Army |
| | 1813 | British attack Plattsburgh, NY |
| | 1815 | Bey of Tunis agrees to compensate U.S. for seizure of ships |
| | 1830 | Charles X of France is forced to abdicate |
| | 1845 | French Army bands adopt the recently invented Saxophone |
| | 1849 | Garibaldi & his companions gain refuge in San Marino after the fall of the Roman Republic |
| | 1865 | USN East India Squadron established, origins of Asiatic Fleet |
| | 1874 | USS Intrepid become the first Amierican warship armed with automotive torpedoes |
| | 1898 | US and Spanish troops skirmish outside Manila |
| | 1917 | Third battle of Ypres begins |
| | 1922 | General strike in Italy protests Fascist violence |
| | 1925 | Last Allied occupation forces leave the Rhineland |
| | 1932 | German Election; Nazis get 37.3% of the vote |
| | 1938 | Hitler decorates fellow anti-Semite Henry Ford with the "Grand Cross of the Supreme Order of the German Eagle" |
| | 1942 | Allied air attack forces Japanese Buna-bound convoy back to Rabaul |
| | 1942 | Australians at Deniki reinforced by another company |
| | 1942 | British Far Eastern Fleet returns to Colombo from East Africa. |
| | 1942 | Carrier Essex launched at Newport News, the first of a class of 26 |
| | 1943 | Japanese 17th Div begins moving to Rabaul from central China. |
| | 1944 | British help form an anti-Japanese Burmese government-in-exile. |
| | 1979 | Last issue of grog in the Royal Navy |
| | 1990 | Bosnia-Hercegovina declares independence from Yugoslavia |
| | 1991 | Bush and Gorbachev sign the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty |
| | 1997 | NYC police capture three Islamist terrorists planning subway attacks |
