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July Military History
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Born
| 1 | 1534 | King Frederick II of Denmark and Norway (1559-88) | | | 1725 | Jean Baptiste, Comte de Rochambeau, who would win the Battle of the Virgnia Capes, insuring victory at Yorktown | | | 1731 | Adm Viscount Duncan, in Dundee | | | 1802 | Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy, d. 1878 | | | 1833 | Alfred Thomas Archimedes Torbert, Brig Gen, U.S. | | | 1872 | Louis Bleriot, first to fly an airplane across English Channel | | | 1903 | Amy Johnson, aviatrix, d. 1941 | | 2 | 419 | Valentinian III, Roman Emperor (425-455) | | | 1830 | John Bordenave Villepigue, Brig Gen, C.S.A. | | | 1836 | Henry Eugene Davies, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1894 | | | 1903 | King Olav V of Norway (1957-1991) | | | 1925 | Patrice Lumumba, Congolese politician, murdered, 1960 | | 3 | 1423 | King Louis XI of France (1461-83) | | | 1567 | Samuel de Champlain | | | 1737 | Samuel Huntington, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1791 | | | 1878 | George M. Cohan, not on the 4th, as he claimed | | | 1886 | Adm. Raymond A Spruance, Victor of Midway | | | 1913 | Hugh MacKenzie, British vice admiral | | | 1951 | Jean-Claude "Baby Doc" Duvalier, sometime dictator of Haiti | | 4 | 1546 | Sultan Murad III of Turkey (1574-95) | | | 1799 | King Oscar I of Sweden and Norway (1844-59) | | | 1804 | Nathaniel Hawthorne, militiaman, novelist (“The Scarlet Letter”) | | | 1807 | Giuseppe Garibaldi - "Hero of Two Continents" | | | 1826 | Green Clay Smith, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1895 | | | 1828 | James Johnston Pettigrew, Brig Gen, C.S.A. | | | 1872 | Calvin Coolidge, only President born on the 4th | | | 1883 | Field Marshal Sir Alan Brooke, Chief of the Imperial General Staff | | | 1916 | Iva "Tokyo Rose" Toguri D'Aquino, d. 2006 | | 5 | 1781 | Stamford Raffles, founder of Singapore | | | 1801 | David Glasgow Farragut, the First Admiral, d. 1870 | | | 1853 | Cecil John Rhodes, imperialist | | | 1889 | Jean Cocteau, sensitive, artistic Nazi collaborator | | | 1902 | Henry Cabot Lodge, tanker, diplomat | | 6 | 1747 | John Paul Jones, who would go "in harm's way." | | | 1796 | Tsar Nicholas I of Russia (1825-55) | | | 1814 | Justus McKinstry, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1897 | | | 1821 | Edward Winston Pettus, Brig Gen, C.S.A. d. 1907 | | | 1832 | Maximilian, Archduke of Austria, Emperor of Mexico, executed 1867 | | | 1892 | Baron Willy Coppens de Houthulst, Belgian ace | | | 1909 | Andrei Gromyko, Soviet Foreign Minister (1957-1985) | | | 1918 | Eugene List, GI pianist for the "Big Three" at Potsdam | | 7 | 1813 | William Scott Ketchum, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1871 | | | 1816 | Isaac Fitzgerald Shepard, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1889 | | | 1824 | Alfred Pleasonton, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1897 | | | 1827 | James Murrell Shackelford, Brig Gen, U.S. | | | 1827 | William Montague Browne, Brig Gen, C.S.A. | | | 1907 | Robert Heinlein, sometime naval officer | | | 1919 | William Kunstler, Maj., U.S. Army, WW II, leftist attorney | | 8 | 1528 | Duke Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy | | | 1545 | Don Carlos, Prince of Spain, who was retarded, not mad, d. 1568 | | | 1819 | Alexander Hays, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1864 | | | 1821 | William H. L. Wallace, Brig Gen, U.S. | | | 1824 | Waldimir Krzyzanowski, Brig Gen, U.S. | | | 1826 | Benjamin Henry Grierson, Maj Gen, U.S., musician | | | 1826 | Robert Kingston Scott, Brig Gen, U.S. | | | 1838 | Count Ferdinand Graf von Zeppelin | | 9 | 1578 | Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia and Hungary (1619-37) | | | 1777 | Henry Hallam, historian (“View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages”), d. 1859 | | | 1857 | Grand Duke Frederick II of Baden (1907-18) | | | 1887 | Samuel Eliot Morison, sailor, historian ("Admiral of the Ocean Sea") | | | 1956 | Tom Hanks, actor ("Saving Private Ryan") | | 10 | 1509 | John Calvin, Protestant reformer with a high body count | | | 1818 | John Stuart "Cerro Gordo" Williams, Brig Gen, C.S.A | | | 1820 | Andrew Porter, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1872 | | | 1821 | Christopher Columbus Augur, Maj Gen, U.S. | | | 1833 | Lucius Eugene Polk, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1892 | | | 1834 | James Whistler, USMA drop-out, artist (“Whistler’s Mother”) | | | 1883 | Johann Blaskowitz, German general | | | 1927 | David N. Dinkins, marine, Mayor of New York (1990-1993) | | 11 | 1274 | King Robert I the Bruce of Scotland (1306-29) | | | 1657 | King Frederick I of Prussia (1701-13) | | | 1662 | Duke Maximilian II Emanuel of Bavaria | | | 1767 | John Quincy Adams | | | 1825 | Edward Henry Hobson, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1901 | | | 1841 | William Paul Roberts, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1910 | | | 1844 | King Peter I Karadjordjevic of Serbia (1903–1921) | | | 1888 | Carl Schmitt, Nazi lawyer | | | 1890 | Arthur W Tedder, British air marshal | | | 1915 | Colin Kelly, American airman, kia 1941 | | 12 | 100 | BC G. Julius Caesar, k. 44 BC | | | 1807 | Silas Casey, Maj Gen, U.S., | | | 1821 | Daniel Harvey Hill, Lt Gen, C.S.A., d. 1889 | | | 1870 | Prince Louis II Onorato of Monaco (1921-1949), French general, d. 1949 | | | 1895 | Kirsten Flagstead, Norwegian soprano, Nazi | | | 1904 | Pablo Neruda, poet, Communist apologist | | 13 | 40 | Gnaeus Julius Agricola, Roman general, d. 93 | | | 100 | BC Gaius Julius Caesar, murdered 44 BC. | | | 1396 | Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy | | | 1489 | Francesco Ferrucci, Captain of Florence, kia, Gavinana, 1530 | | | 1590 | Emilio Altieri - Pope Clement X (1670-1676) | | | 1608 | Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary and Bohemia | | | 1821 | Nathan Bedford Forrest, Lt Gen, C.S.A., Klansman, d. 1877 | | | 1894 | Gavrilo Princep, who attained a measure of fame in 1914, d. 1918. | | 14 | 1602 | Giulio Mazarini (Cardinal Mazarin), sometime soldier | | | 1610 | Grand Duke Ferdinando II de' Medici of Tuscany (1621-1670) | | | 1804 | Ludwig Benedek, Austrian general, who lost at Konnigratz | | | 1818 | Nathaniel Lyon, Brig Gen, U.S., KIA, Wilson's Creek, d. 1861 | | | 1830 | Richard Henry Jackson, Brig. Gen, U.S. | | | 1831 | William Dwight, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1888 | | | 1913 | Gerald Ford, naval officer, President (1974-1976), d. 2006 | | 15 | 1798 | Charles H Bell, naval officer, U.S., d. 1875 | | | 1907 | Air Marshal Paterson Fraser, RAF | | | 1917 | Robert Conquest, sometime soldier, historian ("The Great Terror") | | | 1920 | Air Chief Marshal Ruthven Wade, RAF | | | 1926 | Leopoldo Galtieri, Argentine general, dictator, d. 2003 | | 16 | 1715 | Charles, Prince de Rohan-Soubise, Marshal of France | | | 1823 | James Isham Gilbert, Brig Gen, U.S. | | | 1829 | Robert Brown Potter, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1887 | | | 1921 | Bernard Rogers, Supreme Commander, NATO | | 17 | 1486 | Shah Ismail I of Iran (1499-1524) | | | 1744 | Elbridge Gerry, Signer of the Declaration of Independence | | | 1763 | John Jacob Astor | | | 1859 | Luis Munoz-Rivera, Father of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico | | | 1883 | Bart de Ligt, pacifist (Nobel Peace Prize, 1966) | | | 1900 | James Cagney, actor ("The Fighting 69th", "The Gallant Hours") | | 18 | 1552 | Rudolf II of Hapsburg, Holy Roman Emperor | | | 1823 | Leonard Fulton Ross, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1901 | | | 1862 | Napoleon V Bonaparte, pretender, d. 1926 | | | 1863 | Archduke Franz Ferdinand, k. 1914 | | | 1887 | Vidkun Quisling, quisling, executed 1945 | | | 1918 | Count Alfonso Casati, kia, 1944, earning a Medaglia d’Oro with the San Marco Regiment | | | 1921 | John H Glenn Jr, USMC, fighter pilot, astronaut, senator | | 19 | 1814 | Samuel Colt, firearms inventor | | | 1817 | Mary Ann Ball "Mother" Bickerdyke, Union nurse | | | 1823 | George Henry Gordon, Brig Gen, U.S. | | | 1828 | Roger Atkinson Pryor, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1919 | | | 1833 | John Wesley Turner, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1899 | | | 1922 | George McGovern, airman, politician | | 20 | 1304 | Francesco Petrarcha, d. 1387 | | | 1785 | Sultan Mahmud II of Turkey (1808-39) | | | 1824 | Alexander Schimmelpfennig, Brig Gen, U.S. | | | 1919 | Sir Edmund Hillary, war hero, co-conqueror of Mt. Everest | | 21 | 1414 | Francesco della Rovere - Pope Sixtus IV (1471-1484) | | | 1802 | David Hunter, Maj Gen, U.S., abolitionist, d. 1886 | | | 1815 | Stewart Van Vliet, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1901 | | | 1816 | Paul Julius von Reuter, founder of Reuters | | | 1817 | Joseph K Barnes, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1883 | | | 1826 | James Gillpatrick Blunt, Maj Gen, U.S. | | | 1828 | John Rutter Brooke, Brig Gen, U.S. | | | 1899 | Ernest Hemmingway, adventurer, author | | 22 | 1478 | Philip I "the Handsome" of Hapsburg, husband to Queen Juana la Loca of Spain, titular king (28 Apr-25 Sep 1506) | | | 1519 | Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti - Pope Innocent IX (29 Oct-30 Dec 1591) | | | 1822 | John George Walker, Maj Gen, C.S.A., d. 1893 | | | 1830 | William Sooy Smith, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1916 | | | 1849 | Emma Lazarus, Poet of the Immigrants (“Give me your tired . . . .”) | | | 1892 | Arthur Seyss-Inquart, Austrian chancellor, Nazi war criminal | | | 1923 | Bob Dole, veteran, senator, presidential candidate | | 23 | 1339 | Louis I, Duke of Anjou, King of Naples | | | 1401 | Francesco Sforza, Duke of Milan (1447-1466), condottiero, d. 1466 | | | 1649 | Giovanni Grancesco Albani - Pope Clement XI (1700-1721) | | | 1822 | Darius Nash Couch, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1897 | | | 1824 | Gabriel Colvin Wharton, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1906 | | | 1892 | Ras Tafari Makonnen - Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia (1930-74) | | 24 | 1759 | King Victor Emanuel I of Sardinia (1802-21) | | | 1783 | Simon Bolivar, The Liberator | | | 1798 | John Adams Dix, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1879 | | | 1802 | Alexandre Dumas pere | | | 1827 | Julius Adolph de Lagnel, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1912 | | | 1895 | Robert Graves, soldier, poet, novelist ("Goodbye to All That"), d. 1985 | | 25 | 1109 | King Afonso I “the Conqueror” of Portugal (1143-85) – see Events | | | 1404 | Duke Philip de Saint-Pol of Brabant | | | 1822 | Schuyler Hamilton, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1903 | | 26 | 1467 | King Ferrante [Ferdinand] II of Naples (1495-1496) | | | 1820 | John Marshall Jones, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1864 | | | 1922 | Jason Robards, Pearl Harbor veteran, actor (“Tora! Tora! Tora!”), d. 2001 | | | 1928 | Stanley Kubrick, director (“Paths of Glory”), d. 1999 | | 27 | 1452 | Ludovico “il Moro” Sforza, illegitmate son of Francesco Sfroza, Duke of Milan (1494-1499; 1500), d. 1508 | | | 1612 | Sultan Murad IV of Turkey, conqueror of Baghdad | | | 1768 | Charlotte Corday, who met Jean Paul Marat in his bathtub | | | 1812 | Thomas Lanier Clingman, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1897 | | | 1824 | Alexandre Dumas, fils | | | 1840 | Ranald Slidell Mackenzie, cavalryman | | | 1924 | Vincent Canby, US Navy, WW II, drama critic, d. 2000 | | 28 | 1746 | Thomas Heyward, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, d. 1809 | | | 1778 | Charles Stewart, naval officer, U.S., d. 1869 | | | 1809 | Ormsby MacKnight Mitchell, Maj Gen, U.S., astronomer, d. 1862 | | | 1825 | William Duncan Smith, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1862 | | | 1833 | James Henry Lane, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1907 | | 29 | 1805 | Alexis de Tocqueville, who understood America | | | 1817 | James Blair Stedman, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1883 | | | 1828 | Cuvier Grover, Bvt Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1885 | | | 1830 | Alvan Cullem Gillem, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1875 | | | 1871 | Grigori Yefimovich Rasputin, monk who proved very hard to kill in 1916 | | | 1883 | Benito Mussolini | | | 1905 | Dag Hammerskjold, Secretary General (1953-1961), Nobelist (1961) | | 30 | 1470 | Emperor Hongzhi of China (1487-1505) | | | 1549 | Grand Duke Ferdinando I de'Medici of Tuscany (1587-1609) | | | 1815 | Thomas Jackson Rodman, artilleryman, U.S. | | | 1881 | Smedly Butler, maverick Marine, with two Medals of Honor | | | 1909 | C. Northcote Parkinson, historian (“The Life and Times of Horatio Hornblower”), d 1993 | | 31 | 1396 | Duke Philip the Good of Burgundy and Brabant, Count of Limburg | | | 1443 | Duke Albrecht III of Saxony-Meisen | | | 1527 | Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor (1564-76) | | | 1803 | John Ericsson, inventor - USS Monitor | | | 1816 | George Henry "Pap" Thomas, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1870 | | | 1817 | Philip Cook Jr, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1894 | | | 1825 | Thomas Hart Taylor, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1901 | | | 1837 | William Clarke Quantrill, Confederate jayhawker, d. 1865 | | | 1884 | Karl F Goerdeler, German anti-Nazi politician, murdered 1944 |
Died
| 1 | 975 | King Edgar of England | | | 1277 | Sultan Baibars of Mamluke Egypt (1260-1277), accidental poisoning | | | 1360 | Giacomo I Caetani, Lord of Sermoneta, condottiero, hanged at c. 40 | | | 1582 | Admiral Crichton, assassinated at Mantua | | | 1690 | Frederick, Duke Schomberg, xyz kia, Battle of the Boyne, | | | 1776 | Francis Salvador, first Jewish-American be kia | | | 1839 | Sultan Mahmud II of Turkey (1808-39), at 53 | | | 1863 | John Reynolds, Maj. Gen., U.S.A., kia, Gettysburg | | | 1914 | Albert Pollio, Chief-of-Staff of the Italian Army, heart attack | | | 1943 | Auguste Reitsma, C Baker, C L Barentsen, Coos Hartogh, Cor Rose, Henri Halberstadt, Johan Brouwer, Karl Groger, Koen Limperg, Rudy Bloemgarten, Willem Arondeus, & Willem Brouwer, heroes of the Dutch Resistance, murdered by the Nazis | | | 1944 | Adm Nagumo, Victor of Pearl Harbor, suicide on Saipan. | | 2 | 783 | Bertha, mother of Charlemagne | | | 936 | Henry I "the Fowler", Duke of Saxony (912-36), King of the Germans (919-36) | | | 1298 | King Adolf von Nassau-Weilburg of Germany, kia Goellheim/Worms | | | 1504 | Prince Stefan III "the Great" Bogdanowitz of Moldavia(1457-1504) | | | 1822 | Denmark Vesey and five others, hanged in Charleston for a slave conspiracy | | | 1850 | Sir Robert Peel, founder of the London Police Force | | | 1863 | George Nixon, 73rd Ohio, d/w at Gettysburg; g-g-father of a president | | | 1863 | Strong Vincent, Brig. Gen., U.S.A., kia, Gettysburg | | | 1903 | Pope Leo XIII - Giacchino Pecci 1878-1903) | | | 1915 | Porfirio Diaz, revolutionary general, president of Mexico, d 1915 | | | 1918 | Sultan Mohammed V Resjad of Turkey (1909-18) | | | 1937 | Amelia Earhart & Fred Noonan, lost in the Pacific | | | 1961 | Ernest Hemingway, war correspondent, suicide, at 61 | | | 1987 | Karl Linnas, accused Nazi, of heart failure awaiting trial in Russia | | | 2004 | Marlon Brando, actor (“Morituri”), at 80 | | 3 | 1191 | Albéric Clément, the first Marshal of France, of natural causes at Acre | | | 1541 | Antonio Rincon, French emissary to the Grand Turk, & Cesare Fregoso, French emissary to the Most Serene Republic, murdered in Italy by agents of HRE Charles V | | | 1642 | Marie de'Medici, widow of Henri IV of France; inventor of French cooking | | | 1863 | Lewis A. Armistead, Brig Gen, C.S.A., KIA, Gettysburg | | | 1863 | Lt. Alonzo Cushing, U.S.A., KIA, Gettysburg at 19 | | | 1863 | Richard B Garnett, Brig Gen, C.S.A., KIA, Gettysburg | | 4 | 1187 | Prince Reynoud de Chatillon of Antioch, kia at Hattin | | | 1307 | Rudolf III, Duke of Austria and King of Bohemia | | | 1450 | Lord Saye and Seal, beheaded at London | | | 1500 | Guid’Antonio Malvizzi, Patrician of Bologna, assassinated. | | | 1657 | Avise Mocenigo, Venetian admiral, when his flagship blows up in action against the Turks | | | 1787 | Prince Charles de Rohan-Soubise, Marshal of France, 71 | | | 1826 | John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, on the 50th anniversary of their Singing of the Declaration of Independence | | | 1831 | James Monroe, major of the Continental Line, president, at 73 | | | 1881 | Billy the Kid, shot by Sheriff Pat Garrett in New Mexico | | | 1943 | Wladyslaw Sikorski, Polish Premier-in-Exile, plane crash at Gibraltar | | | 1971 | ADM Thomas Hart, at 94 | | | 1974 | Grand Mufti of Jerusalem Mohammed al-Husseini, Nazi collaborator | | 5 | 965 | Pope Benedict V (964-965) | | | 1950 | Pvt Kenneth Shadrick, first American kia in Korea | | | 1950 | Salvatore Giuliano, Sicilian bandit-hero, killed by police | | | 1969 | Tom Mboya, Kenyan economics minister, assassinated in Nairobi | | | 2005 | Vice Adm. James B. Stockdale, Medal of Honor, b. 1923 | | 6 | 1187 | 200 Christian knights captured at Hattin, murdered by Saladin | | | 1189 | King Henry II of England (1154-89), at 56 | | | 1415 | Jan Hus, burned for heresy, Constance, Germany | | | 1535 | Sir Thomas More, beheaded in England for treason | | | 1553 | King Edward VI Tudor of England (1547-53) | | | 1796 | Tsar Nicholas I of Russia (1825-1855) | | | 1849 | Geoffredo Mameli, Italian nationalist, soldier-composer (“Fratelli d'Italia”), d/w at 21 | | | 1893 | Guy de Maupassant, Volunteer of ’71, author ("Ball of Fat") | | | 1975 | Otto Skorzeny, Nazi special operations wiz | | 7 | 716 | BC Romulus, Founder and King of Rome (753-716) [Trad] | | | 1307 | King Edward I of England (1272-1307) | | | 1865 | David Herold, hanged for Lincoln’s assassination | | | 1865 | George Atzerodt, hanged for Lincoln’s assassination | | | 1865 | Lewis Paine, hanged for Lincoln’s assassination | | | 1865 | Mary Surratt, hanged for Lincoln’s assassination | | | 1930 | Sir Arthur Conan Doyle | | 8 | 810 | King Pepin III of the Franks | | | 975 | King Edgar of Northumbria & Mercia (958-975), at c. 32 | | | 1115 | Peter the Hermit, who led the "Beggars' Crusade" | | | 1151 | Pope Bl Eugene III - Bernardo Pignatelli (1145-1151) | | | 1253 | Thibaud IV, Count of Champagne and King of Navarra, poet | | | 1623 | Pope Gregory XV - Alessandro Ludovisi (1621-1623) | | | 1730 | The Second Marshal Villeroi | | | 1859 | King Oscar I of Sweden and Norway (1844-59), at 60 | | | 1933 | Anthony Hope, author (“The Prisoner of Zenda”), at 70 | | | 1959 | Dale Buisand & Chester Ovnand, first Americans killed in the Vietnam War | | | 1994 | Kim Il-sung, "The Great Leader", at 82 | | 9 | 518 | Eastern Roman Emperor Anastasius I Dikoros (491-518), at c. 91 | | | 1386 | Emperor Leopold II, kia at Sempach | | | 1500 | Count Giacomo V Caetani of Sermoneta, poisoned by the Borgias, at 50 | | | 1553 | Maurice of Saxony, d/w from the Battle of Sievershausen | | | 1746 | King Philip V of Spain (1700-46) | | | 1755 | Maj Gen Edward Braddock, d/w on the Monongahela | | | 1797 | Edmund Burke, at 68 | | | 1850 | The Bab, murdered in Tabriz, Iran | | | 1850 | Zachary Taylor, former military man, in the White House at 65 | | | 1920 | Admiral of the Fleet Sir John “Jackie” Fisher, b. 1841 | | 10 | 138 | Hadrian, Roman Emperor, "Optimus Princeps" (117-138) | | | 472 | Western Roman Emperor Anthemius (467-472), executed | | | 983 | Pope Benedict VII | | | 1024 | Pope Benedict VIII | | | 1086 | King Canute IV of Denmark | | | 1099 | Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar - El Cid Campeador, in bed at c. 55 | | | 1103 | King Erik I "the Good Hearted" of Denmark (1095-1103) | | | 1290 | King Ladislaus IV of Hungary, murdered | | | 1480 | Rene I d'Anjou, king-aspirant of Naples, Sicily, & Jerusalem | | | 1559 | King Henry II of France (1547-59) | | | 1584 | William, first Prince of Orange, assassinated at Delft | | | 1653 | John Gerrard, English gentleman, hanged at Tyburn for brawling in the streets with Pantaleon Sa. | | | 1653 | Pantaleon Sa, Portuguese nobleman, hanged on Tower Hill with four of his servants, for brawling in the streets with John Gerrard. | | | 1747 | Nadir Shah of Persia, assassinated | | | 1920 | Eugenie de Montijo y de Guzman, Mrs. Napoleon III, at 94 | | | 1937 | Rafael de Nogales Mendez Bey, soldier-of-fortune, in bed at 60 | | | 1944 | Count Giovanni Pallavicini, kia, Warsaw. | | | 1945 | Robert Goddard, rocketeer | | 11 | 1174 | King Amalric I of Jerusalem | | | 1302 | Jacques de Chatillon, Count of Saint-Pol | | | 1450 | Jack Cade, English peasant rebel leader, killed near Lewes | | | 1535 | Joachim I Nestor of Brandenburg, at 51 | | | 1540 | Jan Szapolyai, Usurper of the Crown of Hungary | | | 1804 | Alexander Hamilton, shot by Aaron Burr in a duel at Weehawken | | | 1806 | James Smith, Signer of the Declaration of Independence, b. 1711 | | | 1989 | Laurence Olivier, actor ("Henry V"), at 82 | | 12 | 1434 | Berardo III da Varano, Co-Lord of Camerino (1424-1434), c. 45, his sons Ansovino, c. 13, Bartolomeo, c. 15, Gian Filippo, c. 17, Giovanni Venanzio, c. 22, Ladislao, c. 20, & Rodolfo Angelo, c. 24, and his brother, Gentile IV Pandolfo da Varano, Co-Lord of Camerino (1424-1434), c. 50, killed at mass by a mob | | | 1640 | Count Henry Casimir I of Nassau-Dietz | | | 1691 | General St. Ruth, killed at Aghrim, Ireland | | | 1723 | 26 pirates, hanged by the British at Newport, RI | | | 1935 | Maj. Alfred Dreyfus - see Events | | 13 | 574 | Pope John III (561-574) | | | 939 | Pope Leo VII (936-939) | | | 1024 | King Henry II “the Monk” of Germany (1002-24) | | | 1380 | Bertrand du Guesclin, Constable of France, hero of the Hundred Years' War, at c. 60 | | | 1712 | Richard Cromwell, sometime “Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland” (1658-1659), at 86 | | | 1793 | Jean Paul Marat, revolutionary, by Charlotte Corday in his bath | | | 1807 | Henry Cardinal Stuart (King "Henry IX" of England) | | | 1890 | John C Fremont, soldier, explorer, politician, at 76 | | | 1989 | Arnaldo Ochoa Sanchez, Cuban general, murdered by Castro | | 14 | 664 | King Erconberct of Kent | | | 1223 | King Philippe II Augustus of France (1180-1223) | | | 1253 | Count Theobald I of Champagne (1201-1253)/King Theobald IV of Navarre (1235-1253), at c. 52 | | | 1483 | The Princes of the Tower: King Edward V, 12, and his brother Prince Richard of Shrewsbury, 9, sons of England's late King Edward IV, murdered by their uncle, to become King Richard III. | | | 1500 | Astorre Baglioni, murdered on his wedding night. | | | 1500 | Gismondo Baglioni, his brother, murdered | | | 1500 | Guido Baglioni, their father, Lord of Perugia, murdered | | | 1500 | Simonetto Baglioni, his nephew, murdered | | | 1607 | St. Camillo de Lellis, Soldier and Physician, b. 1550 | | | 1686 | Col. Francesco Pallavicino, Patrician of Naples & Siena, kia at Buda, at 32 | | | 1711 | Prince Johan Willem Friso of Orange, Lord of Nassau-Dietz | | | 1790 | General Laudohn, Scottish-descended veteran of the Russian, Prussian, and Austrian Armies | | | 1817 | Baroness de Staël Holstein – Salon keeper to the illustrious | | | 1904 | Pres Paul Kruger of the Transvaal (1883-1902), in exile at 78 | | | 1918 | Quentin Roosevelt, airman, kia, France, at 18 | | | 1958 | King Faisal II of Iraq (1939-58), Crown Prince Abdul Illah, & Premier Noeri el-Said of Iraq, lynched in Baghdad | | | 1974 | Carl A Spaatz, bomber baron, USAF chief of staff, at 83 | | 15 | 668 | Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II (641-668), at c. 58 | | | 1291 | Rudolf I, Holy Roman Emperor | | | 1410 | Ulrich von Jungingen, Hochmeister of the Teutonic Knights, and thousands of his minions, at Tannenberg. | | | 1416 | Duke Jean de Berry, Captain of Paris | | | 1648 | Masaniello, Neapolitan nationalist leader, murdered by a Spanish agent | | | 1685 | James, Duke of Monmouth, illegitimate son of Charles II, beheaded in the Tower by his uncle, James II | | | 1869 | Capt A J Hayne, black Arkansas militia officer, assassinated | | | 1948 | General of the Armies John J Pershing, at 87 | | 16 | 1557 | Anne of Cleves, Mrs. Henry VIII No. 4, divorcee, of natural causes | | | 1691 | Francois-Michel Le Tellier, Marquis de Louvois, French statesman | | | 1764 | Tsar Ivan VI of Russia (1740-41), murdered at 23 | | | 1960 | Albrecht von Kesselring, German field marshal | | | 1989 | Herbert von Karajan, Nazi conductor | | 17 | 855 | Pope St. Leo IV (847-855), who fortified the Vatican | | | 1025 | King Boleslav I “the Brave” of Poland | | | 1061 | Pope Nicholas II (or July 27) | | | 1070 | Count Baldwin VI of Flanders | | | 1085 | Robert Guiscard (“the Weasel”), c. 70, Duke of Apulia and Calabria, Prince of Salerno, Lord of Sicily, at Corfu, while preparing to conquer the Byzantine Empire | | | 1344 | Jacques Arteveldt, Dutch brewer and nationalist, slain | | | 1453 | John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, English commander in France, kia, Châtillon | | | 1566 | Bartolome de Las Casas, "Apostle of the Indies" at c. 92 | | | 1676 | The Marchioness of Brinvilliers, poisoner, executed at Paris | | | 1762 | Tsar Peter III Theodorovich of Russia (1762), at 34 | | | 1793 | Charlotte Corday, assassin of Marat, guillotined | | | 1794 | Dr. John Roebuck, founder of the Carron Ironworks, inventor of the carronade | | | 1903 | James McNeill Whistler, West Point dropout, painter, at 60 | | | 1918 | Tsar Nicholas II (1894-1917), 50, the Tsarina Alexandra, 48, Duchess Olga, 22, Grand Duchess Tatiana, 21, Grand Duchess Maria, 19, Grand Duchess Anastasia, 18, & the Tsarevich Alexei, 13, murdered by the Bolsheviks | | | 1928 | Alvaro Obregon, general and president of Mexico, assassinated | | | 1946 | Dragoljub "Draza" Mihailovic, Yugoslav collaborator, executed | | | 1947 | Raoul Wallenberg, one of the Righteous, at 34, a prisoner of the Soviet | | 18 | 1100 | Count Geoffrey IV of Bouillon | | | 1374 | Francesco Petrarcha, at 69, pen in hand | | | 1608 | Joachim III Frederick of Brandenburg, at 61 | | | 1610 | Michelangelo Merisi, known as “Caravaggio” - artistic murderer | | | 1639 | Duke Bernard of Saxe-Weimar, Imperial general, at 35 | | | 1642 | Count Willem of Nassau-Siegen | | | 1792 | John Paul Jones, in Paris | | | 1872 | Benito Juarez, Mexican president, at 66 | | | 2005 | Gen. William Westmoreland, at 91 | | 19 | 514 | Pope St Symmachus (498-514) | | | 711 | King Roderic of the Visigoths, kia | | | 1234 | Count Florian IV of Holland, killed in a tournament | | | 1810 | Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of Prussia | | | 1947 | Aung San, Burmese soldier & nationalist, assassinated; father of Peace Nobelist Aung San Suu Kyi | | | 1965 | Syngman Rhee, President of South Korea (1948-1960) | | 20 | 1031 | King Robert II de Vrome of France (996-1031) | | | 1454 | King Juan II of Castille, at 49 | | | 1923 | Doroteo Arango Arámbula - Pancho Villa, murdered at 55 | | | 1927 | King Ferdinand I of Romania, at 61 | | | 1936 | Jose Sanjurjo y Sacanell, Spanish dictator-aspirant, plane crash | | | 1937 | Guglielmo Marconi, father of radio | | | 1944 | Col. Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg, anti-Nazi conspirator, executed | | | 1944 | Gen. Ludwig Beck, anti-Nazi conspirator, suicide | | | 1944 | Prince Joachim Murat, kia, during the Liberation | | | 1951 | King Abdallah of Jordan (1921-1951), assassinated while at prayer | | | 1951 | Mustafa Shuqri Ashu, assassin of King Abdullah, shot by the king’s bodyguards | | | 2005 | James Doohan, Canadian, D-Day Veteran, actor (“Lt. Cdr Montgomery Scott”), at 80 | | 21 | 330 | BC King Darius III of Persia, murdered by Bessos, to curry favor with Alexander | | | 1061 | Pope Nicholas II | | | 1425 | Byzantine Emperor Manuel Palaeologus (1391-1425) | | | 1544 | Renatus of Nassau, Prince of Orange, slain in battle | | | 1683 | William, Lord Russell, beheaded in Lincoln's-Inn-Fields | | | 1796 | Robert Burns, poet | | | 1899 | Robert Ingersoll, politician, orator, Col, USV | | | 1967 | Basil Rathbone, actor ("Captain Blood", "Robin Hood") | | | 1998 | Alan Shepard, astronaut | | 22 | 1035 | Duke Robert II of Normandy | | | 1298 | Sir John Graham, Scottish patriot, kia, Falkirk | | | 1444 | Duke Oddo Antonio II de Montefeltro of Urbino (1443-1444), killed at 18 by two citizens for seducing their wives | | | 1461 | King Charles VII of France (1422-61), at 58 | | | 1627 | le Compte de Boutteville, executed for the death of the Marquis de Bussy d'Amboise in a duel | | | 1627 | le Compte de Rosmadec des Chapelles, executed for the death of the Marquis de Bussy d'Amboise in a duel | | | 1676 | Pope Clement X - Emilio Altieri (1670-1676) | | | 1832 | The Duke of Reichstadt - Napoleon II Bonaparte, l'Aiglon, at 21 | | | 1951 | Chief of Naval Operations Adm. Forrest P. Sherman, heart attack at 54, in Naples | | | 1967 | Carl Sandburg, veteran, biographer, poet, at 89 | | | 2003 | Odai and Qusai Hussein, sons of Dictator Saddam Hussein of Iraq, kia by US forces | | 23 | 1403 | Henry Percy – “Harry Hotspur” - kia | | | 1562 | Gottfried Gotz Freiherr von Berlichingen, German mercenary | | | 1627 | Sir Robert Sherley, General of Artillery to the Shah of Persia, at 63 | | | 1645 | Tsar Michael Theodorovich of Russia (1613-45), the first Romanov | | | 1803 | Arthur Wolfe, Lord Kilwarden, murdered by the populace in Dublin, | | | 1885 | Ulysses S Grant, sometime soldier, at 63 | | | 1944 | Helmuth von Moltke, anti-Nazi conspirator, executed | | | 1951 | Henri Philippe Petain, Marshal of France, in prison | | | 1955 | Cordell Hull, Sec State (1933-1944), Noble Peace Prize, 1945, b. 1871 | | | 1973 | Eddie Rickenbacker, American ace | | | 1999 | King Hassan II of Morocco (1961-1999), at 60 | | 24 | 478 | St. Lupus of Troyes, holy enough to intimidate Attila | | | 725 | The Venerable Bede, Anglo-Saxon historian | | | 1424 | Orso Orsini, Lord of Monterotondo, drowned, Battle of Zagonara | | | 1568 | Prince Carlos "the Mad" of Spain, not done in by his father | | | 1794 | Alexandre de Beauharnais, Josephine's husband, guillotined | | | 1862 | Martin Van Buren, President | | | 1944 | Jan Postma, Dutch resistance worker, executed by the Nazis | | | 1992 | Khaled Mahmoud Saeid, aide to Palestinian terrorist Abu Nidal, assassinated | | 25 | 306 | Roman Emperor Constantius Chlorus, father of Constantine, at York | | | 1492 | Pope Innocent VIII - Giovanni Battista Cibò (1484-1492) | | | 1564 | Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, at 61 | | | 1841 | Mary Rogers, “The Beautiful Cigar Girl" of New York, murdered at c. 25 | | | 1929 | Robert Todd Lincoln, veteran, SecWar | | | 1934 | Engelbert Dollfuss, Austrian chancellor, assassinated by Nazis | | | 2006 | Carl M. Brashear, the first black diver in the USN, at 75 | | 26 | 46 | BC Vercingetorix, Gallic hero, strangled in the Tullianum after Caesar’s first triumph | | | 432 | Pope St. Celestine I (422-432) | | | 711 | King Roderigo of Spain, kia by the Moors | | | 795 | King Offa of Mercia (757-796) | | | 811 | Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus I (802-811), kia by the Bulgars | | | 1102 | King Ladislas I of Poland | | | 1342 | Charles I of Anjou, King of Hungary (1307-42) | | | 1471 | Pope Paul II - Pietro Barbo (1464-1471) | | | 1494 | Count Nicola II Caetani of Sermoneta, poisoned by the Borgia, at 50 | | | 1533 | The Inca Atahualpa, garroted by Francisco Pizarro | | | 1541 | Francisco Pizarro, Conquistador, cut down at 66, sword in hand | | | 1560 | Jacopo Bonfadio, historian & poet, executed at Genoa | | | 1592 | Armand de Gontent-Biron, Marshal of France, kia, the siege of Epernay | | | 1630 | Duke Charles Emmanuel I “the Great” of Savoy | | | 1852 | Baron Gourgaud, Bonapartist general | | | 1863 | Sam Houston, Liberator of Texas, at 70 | | | 1918 | Edward "Mick" Mannock, V.C., British ace, kia | | | 1944 | Reza Shah Pahlavi of Iran (1925-1941), erstwhile Cossack | | | 1952 | Maria Eva "Evita" Duarte Peron, at 33 | | 27 | 1233 | Ferrand of Portugal, Count of Flanders, at 45 | | | 1638 | Count Johan VIII de Jongere of Nassau-Siegen, kia at 54 | | | 1675 | Marshal-General of France Henri Le Vicomte de Turenne, cannon balled | | | 1689 | John Graham, of Claverhouse, first Viscount Dundee, kia | | | 1777 | Jane McRae, slain by Indians, inflaming frontier Americans against the British | | | 1916 | Charles Fryatt, British merchant mariner, executed by the Germans for ramming a submarine | | | 1970 | Antonio de Oliveira Salazar, dictator of Portugal (1932-68) | | | 1980 | Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi of Iran (1941-1979), in exile in Egypt | | | 1984 | James Mason, actor ("Rommel"), at 75 | | | 2003 | Bob Hope, veteran of 60 years of USO shows, at 100 | | 28 | 450 | Roman Emperor Theodosius II, at Constantinople | | | 1057 | Pope Victor II - Count Gebhard of Calw, Tollenstein, & Hirschberg (1055-1057) | | | 1330 | Tsar Michael III Sisman of the Bulgars, kia at Velbuzda | | | 1492 | Pope Innocent VIII | | | 1540 | Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Essex, sometime Chancellor of England, beheaded on Tower Hill | | | 1746 | John Peter Zenger, hero of "Freedom of the Press" | | | 1794 | Maximilien Robespierre, radical extremist, shortened by Mdm Guillotine | | | 1808 | Sultan Selim III of the Ottoman Empire, assassinated at Constantinople | | | 1813 | Andoche Junot, Duc d'Abrantes, Bonapartist commander | | | 1835 | Mortier, Marshal of France, slain by an “infernal machine” in Paris | | | 1849 | King Charles Albert of Sardinia (1831-49) | | | 1915 | Pres Vilbrun Guillaume Sam of Haiti (4 Mar-28 Jul 1915), torn to pieces by a mob | | 29 | 1030 | King Olaf Haraldsson of Norway, kia Stiklestad | | | 1095 | St. Ladislaus I, King of Hungary | | | 1099 | Pope Bl Urban II - Odo of Lagery (1088-1099) | | | 1644 | Pope Urban VIII - Maffeo Barberini (1623-1644) | | | 1857 | Prince Charles Bonaparte of Canino, at 54 | | | 1900 | King Umberto I of Italy (1878-1900), assassinated by Gaetano Bresci | | 30 | 579 | Pope Benedict I (575-579) | | | 1095 | King Ladislas I of Hungary | | | 1388 | James, Earl of Douglas, kia, Otterbourne | | | 1616 | Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, Irish nationalist, at about 76 | | | 1741 | Count Wierich von Daun, Austrian field marshal | | | 1760 | Three of London’s four remaining medieval gates are sold for salvage for £416 10s | | | 1811 | Miguel Hidalgo y Castilla, Mexican priest & freedom fighter, executed | | | 1912 | Mutsuhito - the "Meiji" - 122nd Emperor of Japan | | | 1918 | Joyce Kilmer, soldier-poet of the “Fighting 69th” – kia, Battle of the Ourcq | | | 1967 | Alfried Krupp, the last sole propreitor; war criminal who got over | | 31 | 1556 | St Ignatius of Loyola, sometime soldier, founder of the Jesuits | | | 1602 | Charles de Gontaut, le duc de Biron, Marshal of France, beheaded for treason, at 40, in the Bastille | | | 1653 | Adm Martin Harpertzoon Van Tromp, kia off the Texel | | | 1714 | Queen Anne of Great Britain (1702-1714) | | | 1750 | King John V of Portugal | | | 1875 | Andrew Johnson, veteran, president, at 66 | | | 1914 | Jean Jaures, socialist & pacifist, assassinated. | | | 1944 | Antoine de Saint-Exupury, author and pilot, lost over the Mediterranean | | | 1966 | Alex von Falkenhausen, German general | | | 1993 | King Baudouin of the Belgians (1951-93), at 62 |
Event
| 1 | 81 | BC Sulla ends the proscriptions | | | 291 | BC Triumph of Q. Fabius Maximus Gurges for the defeat of the Samnites | | | 776 | BC The First Olympiad begins. | | | 1097 | Battle of Doryleum: Crusaders defeat Sultan Kilidj Arslan's Seljuk Turks near Nicaea | | | 1266 | Treaty of Perth: Scotland “rents” the Western Isles from Norway at 100 marks a year | | | 1482 | Battle of Loja: the Moors defeat the Castillians & Aragonese | | | 1543 | Treaty of Greenwich: King Edward VI of Engldan (9) is betrothed to his cousin Mary Queen of Scots (14) | | | 1690 | Battle of Fleurs: The French defeat the Imperialists | | | 1690 | The Boyne: Protestants massacre Catholics (12th NS) | | | 1782 | American privateers raid Lunenburg, Nova Scotia | | | 1816 | French frigate Medusa wrecked, inspiring Gericault's "The Raft of the Medusa | | | 1823 | United Provinces of Central America gain independence from Mexico | | | 1861 | Skirmish at Falling Waters/Martinsburg, Md: Union victory | | | 1862 | Battle of Holly Spring, MS | | | 1862 | Day 7 of the 7 Days: Malvern Hill/Harrison's Landing/Crew's Farm, Va. | | | 1862 | US taxes incomes of $600 or more to help finance the Civil War | | | 1863 | Battle of Gettysburg, Day1: Lee wins | | | 1864 | Battle of Petersburg (to July 31) | | | 1867 | The Dominion of Canada is formed | | | 1870 | James W Smith becomes the first black man to enter West Point | | | 1873 | Henry Flipper of Georgia is the second black man to enter West Point | | | 1898 | Battles of El Caney and San Juan Hill, outside Santiago, Cuba | | | 1898 | Skirmish at Aguadores, Cuba | | | 1898 | US ships exchange fire with Spanish batteries, Havana | | | 1903 | Geronimo is baptized in the Methodist Church | | | 1913 | Second Balkan War: Serbia & Greece declare war on Bulgaria | | | 1916 | Battle of the Somme begins | | | 1942 | The Germans capture Sevastopol after a long siege | | | 1943 | Japanese DD Hokaze damaged by US sub Thresher in the Southwest Pacific. | | | 1943 | Marine 4th Raider Bn captures Viru Harbor on New Georgia. | | | 1945 | Australians land at Balikpapan, Borneo, against stiff resistance | | | 1946 | US test atomic bomb at Bikini Atoll, the 4th nuclear explosion | | | 1950 | First US ground troops arrive in Korea | | | 1960 | USSR shoots down US RB-47 | | | 1961 | British troops land in Kuwait to prevent an Iraqi invasion | | | 1962 | Belgian "Trust Territories" of Burundi and Rwanda became independent | | | 1969 | Prince Charles is invested as the Prince of Wales | | 2 | 310 | Accession of Pope St. Militades (or maybe 311), d. 314 | | | 1187 | Saladin captures Tiberias, besieges the Citadel (falls 5th) | | | 1214 | Battle of La Roche-aux-Moines (Angers) | | | 1247 | Emperor Frederick II lays siege to Parma (lifted Feb 18,1248) | | | 1298 | Battle of Goellheim\Worms: Albert of Austria defeats Adolf von Nassau-Weilburg, his rival for Holy Roman Emperor | | | 1431 | Battle of Bulgneville: The Angevins defeat the Lorrainers | | | 1461 | Battle of Nidastore: The Malatesti of Rimini defeat Pope Pius II’s forces | | | 1600 | Battle of Nieuport: Dutch defeat the Spanish | | | 1625 | Breda falls to the Spanish after a year’s siege | | | 1644 | Battle of Marston Moor: Roundheads defeat the Royalists | | | 1704 | Battle of Schellenberg: Anglo-Imperialists defeat the Franco-Bavarians | | | 1747 | Battle of Lauffeld: Marshal Saxe’s French defeat the Duke of Cumberland’s Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverians | | | 1776 | Continental Congress declares the Thirteen Colonies independent | | | 1777 | Vermont becomes 1st American "state" to abolish slavery | | | 1814 | Jacob Brown captures Ft. Erie, Ontario, from the British | | | 1820 | Carbonari coup at Naples installs a liberal Constitution | | | 1861 | Battle of Hoke's Run, WV | | | 1862 | Lincoln calls for an additional 300,000 volunteers | | | 1863 | Battle of Gettysburg, Day 2: A draw | | | 1863 | John Hunt Morgan's Burksville-Salineville Raid begins(to July 26) | | | 1864 | Jubal's Raid: Winchester falls | | | 1882 | James Garfield, veteran, mortally wounded by a disappointed office seeker | | | 1898 | Skirmishing outside Santiago, as US begins close investment | | | 1898 | US ships engage Spanish batteries at Cape Tunas, Cuba | | | 1898 | US ships exchange fire with Spanish batteries, Santiago | | | 1900 | Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin's first airship, the LZ-1, flies | | | 1903 | US leases Guantanamo Bay from Cuba for $2,000 a year | | | 1923 | Naval Research Laboratory established in Washington | | | 1926 | Army Air Corps becomes an autonomous bracnh of the Army | | | 1926 | Congress authorizes the Distinguished Flying Cross. | | | 1934 | General Lazaro Cardenas elected president of Mexico | | | 1941 | Nazis murder 7,000 in Lvov | | | 1942 | Chiang names Stilwell commander of Chinese forces in India. | | | 1942 | JCS authorize "Operation Watchtower," the seizure of Guadalcanal | | | 1942 | New York Times reports Nazi mass murder of Jews | | | 1943 | 37th and 43rd Divs and Marines land on Munda on New Georgia. | | | 1943 | Japanese cruisers and destroyers shell U.S. positions at Rendova | | | 1943 | Lt Charles Hall becomes the first black pilot to shoot down a Nazi plane | | | 1944 | Marshal von Kluge replaces General von Rundstedt in command in France | | | 1944 | Saipan: Japanese retire northwards to make a last stand. | | | 1944 | US troops land on Noemfoor, off New Guinea. | | | 1951 | "Plan 9 from Outer Space" released; the worst movie in history | | | 1957 | Grayback launched, first sub designed to fire guided missiles | | | 1957 | Seawolf completed, first sub with liquid metal cooled reactor | | | 1966 | First French nuclear explosion, Mururoa atoll | | | 1980 | Pres Carter resumes draft registration for 18 year old men | | | 1993 | Moslem fundamentalists set hotel on fire in Sivas, Turkey, 36 die | | 3 | 323 | Battle of Adrianople: Constantine defeats Licinius | | | 987 | Hugh Capet crowned King of France | | | 1428 | Treaty of Delft: Between Jacob of Bavaria and Philip the Good of France | | | 1448 | Battle of Scutari: The Albanians defeat the Venetians | | | 1620 | Treaty of Ulm: German states declare neutrality in the Hapsburg-Bohemian conflict | | | 1657 | Battle of the Dardanelles, Day 1: Venetians skirmish with the Turks | | | 1775 | Washington takes command of Continental Army at Cambridge, Mass | | | 1778 | British & Indians massacre 360 men, women & children in Wyoming, Pa | | | 1790 | Naval Battle of Viborg: Swedish fleet breaks out of the Russian blockade (since May 22) | | | 1798 | Geo. Washington commissioned Lt Gen for the Quasi-War with France | | | 1861 | Martinsburg, Va: Confederates pull out before US advance | | | 1863 | Battle Gettysburg, Day 3: "Pickett’s Charge" is shattered | | | 1863 | Battle of Donaldsonville, LA | | | 1864 | Battle of Chattahoochee River, GA [until Jul 9] | | | 1898 | Naval Battle of Santiago: Spanish squadron is annihilated | | | 1915 | Erich Muenter blows up the Senate reception room | | | 1939 | Ernst Heinkel demonstrates 800-kph rocket plane to Hitler | | | 1940 | Royal Navy inflicts heavy losses on the French fleet at Oran, Algeria | | | 1941 | Germans slaughter c. 2,000 Jews in Bialystock | | | 1942 | Japanese from Tulagi land on Guadalcanal to construct an airfield | | | 1943 | New Guinea: Australian 3rd Div links with MacKechnie Force, Nassau Bay | | | 1944 | U.S. Navy ships bombard Iwo Jima and the Bonin Islands. | | | 1945 | Australian troops capture oil fields at Balikpapan, Borneo. | | | 1947 | USSR refuses to join the "Imperialistic" Marshall Plan | | | 1950 | First US-North Korean clash: TF Smith is overrun | | | 1954 | World War II food rationing ends in Britain | | | 1976 | Entebbe Raid: Israel rescues 103 held by Palestinian hijackers in Uganda | | | 1986 | Relighting of the Statue of Liberty after protracted renovations | | | 1988 | USS Vincennes accidentally shoots down an Iranian airliner, 290 die | | 4 | 1187 | Battle of Hattin: Saladin defeats the Crusaders under King Guy of Jerusalem | | | 1190 | King Philip II's French & Richard I's English armies unite at Vezelay, to begin the 3rd Crusade | | | 1299 | Battle of Cape Orlando: Roger de Lauria's Catalan fleet defeats the Sicilians | | | 1301 | Battle of Breukelen: Holland defeats Lichtenberg. | | | 1547 | Battle of Oglio: the French defeat the Spanish | | | 1642 | Castro War: Battle of Codigoro - Papal Army defeats the Venetians | | | 1657 | Battle of the Dardanelles, Day 2: Venetian fleet defeats the Turks | | | 1708 | Battle of Holowczin: The Swedes defeat the Russians | | | 1754 | George Washington surrenders Ft. Necessity to the French | | | 1763 | Ojibwa and Sauk Indians capture Ft. Michilimackinac from the British | | | 1776 | Independence Day: The Signing of the Declaration of Independence begins | | | 1777 | John Paul Jones hoists the Stars and Stripes on Ranger, Portsmouth, NH. | | | 1801 | 1st Presidential Review of the Marine Band and Marines, at the White House. | | | 1802 | US Military Academy opens at West Point | | | 1806 | Battle of Maida: upset British victory over the French in Calabria | | | 1818 | Congress rules the flag shall have 13 stripes, and one star for each state | | | 1832 | Samuel Francis Smith's "America" sung in public for the first time | | | 1842 | Old gunboat Boxer is sunk in first trials of electrical underwater "torpedo" | | | 1848 | "The Communist Manifesto" is published, inspiring countless murders | | | 1857 | Great Battle between the Dead Rabbits and the Bowery B'hoys in The Bowery | | | 1861 | Skirmish at Harper's Ferry, WV | | | 1862 | Battle of Port Royal, SC | | | 1862 | John Hunt Morgan begins a raid in Kentucky, from Tomkinsville to Somerset by JUL 28 | | | 1863 | Battle of Gettysburg, Day 4: The armies hold their ground, as Lee hopes Meade will do a “Pickett”, while Meade sees no point in reprising a disaster | | | 1863 | Skirmish at Smithburg, TN | | | 1863 | Vicksburg surrenders to U.S. Grant | | | 1866 | Battle of Monte Sullo: The Austrians defeat the Garibaldini | | | 1866 | Battle of Vezza d'Oglio: The Garibaldini defeat the Austrians | | | 1875 | White rioters kill blacks in Vicksburg | | | 1879 | Battle of Ulundi: The British crush the Zulu Army | | | 1895 | "America the Beautiful,” by Katherine Lee Bates, is publishes | | | 1936 | League of Nations applies sanctions on Italy over Ethiopia. | | | 1942 | Aussie coastwatchers report Japanese airfield building on Guadalcanal. | | | 1942 | First American bombing mission over Nazi-occupied Europe | | | 1942 | Japanese DD Nehoni is sunk in the Aleutians by U.S. submarine Triton. | | | 1942 | The AVG ("Flying Tigers") becomes the Fourteenth Air Force | | | 1943 | Elms 37th Infantry Div land at Bairoko, on Kula Gulf | | | 1943 | Japanese DDs with reinforcements for Vila, Kula Gulf, sink a U.S. DD. | | | 1944 | Elms 503rd Parachute Inf drop on Noemfoor, to reinforce troops there | | | 1946 | Anti-Jewish riots in Kielce, Poland, 39 die | | | 1946 | Philippines gain independence from US, on schedule despite World War II | | | 1950 | USS Valley Forge & HMS Triumph make first UN air strikes of the Korean War | | | 1987 | Nazi Klaus Barbie, "Butcher of Lyon" convicted by a French court | | 5 | 46 | Caesar returns to Rome following victory in the African War. | | | 663 | Constans II visits Rome, the first emperor to do so in over a century | | | 1044 | Battle of Menfo: The Germans defeat the Magyars | | | 1187 | Saladin captures the citdael of Tiberias (invested the 2nd) | | | 1294 | Pietro di Murrone is elected Pope as Celestine V (5 Jul-13 Dec 1294), abdicates, d. 1296, later canonized | | | 1450 | Battle of Southwark: Jack Cade’s Kentish rebels beat Matthew Gough | | | 1750 | Slave revolt in Curacao | | | 1806 | Spanish defeat a British attempt to take Buenos Aires | | | 1809 | Battle of Wagram, Day 1: Napoleon v. the Austrians (ends 6th) | | | 1809 | Rome: Napoleon’s troops kidnap Pope Pius VII and carry him into exile | | | 1811 | Venezuela declares independence from Spain | | | 1814 | Battle of Chippewa: "By God, these are regulars!" | | | 1814 | US Sloop-of-War Peacock captures four British ships | | | 1830 | The French capture Algiers | | | 1861 | Battle of Carthage, Mo | | | 1861 | Skirmish at Newport News: US retakes Gosport Naval Base | | | 1863 | Battle of Gettysburg, Day 5: Lee retreats | | | 1863 | Battles of Jackson and Birdsong Ferry, Ms | | | 1865 | US forms the Secret Service, to combat counterfeiting | | | 1924 | Military revolt in Sao Paulo, Brazil | | | 1932 | Antonio de Oliveira Salazar becomes premier/dictator of Portugal (1932-1968) | | | 1933 | Catholic Center Party disbanded by the Nazis | | | 1941 | Surprise Peruvian offensive opens war with Ecuador (truce, July 22) | | | 1942 | Aerial recon confirms Japanese airfield construction on Guadalcanal. | | | 1942 | Aleutians: Sub Growler sinks Japanese destroyer Arare near Kiska. | | | 1943 | "Tokyo Express" supply mission departs Rabaul | | | 1943 | Damaged Japanese submarine I-7 is scuttled at KiskaS07051943 Japan cedes five Malayan provinces to Siam, as a bribe. | | | 1943 | The Battle of Kursk beings | | | 1944 | Japanese at Imphal decide to withdraw, having lost 53,000 troops | | | 1962 | Algeria becomes independent of France | | | 1975 | Cape Verde Islands gain independence after 500 years under Portugal | | | 1977 | Pakistan: coup by Gen Mohammad Zia ul-Haq | | | 1993 | Kudish guerrillas murder 32 villagers in East Turkey | | 6 | 83 | BC The Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus burns | | | 432 | Consecration of Pope St. Sixtus III (432-440) | | | 1266 | Norway cedes Man and the Hebridies to Scotland | | | 1322 | Battle of the Bassignana: The Visconti defeat their enemies | | | 1483 | England's King Richard III crowned | | | 1495 | Battle of Foronovo: French King Charles VIII defeats the Italian League | | | 1553 | Mary I ascends the throne of England | | | 1560 | Treaty of Edinburgh: Scotland abandons its French ties to ally with England | | | 1641 | Battle of Sedan: Imperialists defeat the French | | | 1652 | Netherlands declares war on England: First Anglo-Dutch War begins (1652-54) | | | 1685 | Battle of Sedgemoor: King James II defeats the Duke of Monmouth | | | 1699 | Capt William Kidd arrested in Boston | | | 1758 | Carlo Della Torre Rezzonico elected Pope as Clement XIII (1758-1769) | | | 1777 | Burgoyne’s British & Hessians capture Fort Ticonderoga | | | 1782 | Battle of Negapatam: Indecisive Anglo-French naval clash off India | | | 1785 | Congress introduces the dollar | | | 1801 | First Naval Battle of Algeciras: Franco-Spanish squadron defeats the British | | | 1809 | Battle of Wagram, Day 2: Napoleon defeats the Austrians (ends 6th) | | | 1861 | Skirmish at Middle Creek Fork/Buckhannon, WVa | | | 1862 | Battle of Devall's Bluff, AR | | | 1863 | Battle of Williamsport, Md begins (to Jul 7) | | | 1864 | Jubal Early’s Rebs capture Hagerstown, Maryland | | | 1864 | Battle of Chattahoochee River, Ga., begins (to Jul 10) | | | 1898 | US Auxiliary Cruiser Dixie captures three Spanish merchantmen | | | 1911 | First naval air station established, Annapolis, MD. | | | 1917 | T.E. Lawrence and the Arab Army capture Aqaba | | | 1923 | Union of Soviet Socialist Republics formed | | | 1937 | Battle of Brunete: Spanish Republicans open offensive (defeated by 26th) | | | 1942 | German troops capture Voronez, USSR | | | 1942 | The Frank family seeks shelter in the After house, Amsterdam | | | 1943 | Kula Gulf: USS Helena lost to "Tokyo Express," which loses a destroyer | | | 1943 | U.S. ships begin periodic shelling of Japanese positions on Kiska | | | 1945 | Movement of captured German scientists and equipment begins to the US | | | 1945 | President Truman establishes the Medal of Freedom | | | 1967 | Biafran War erupts as Nigerian forces invade secessionist province | | | 1976 | First women asmitted to the U.S. Naval Academy | | | 1985 | USS submarine Nautilus arrives at Groton, Ct., to become a museum | | | 1987 | Sikh extremists begin a series of massacres in India | | | 1989 | Col. Oliver North convicted in the Iran-Contra Scandal | | | 1998 | Anti-Catholic rioting in Northern Ireland | | 7 | 54 | BC Caesar defeats the Britons near Bigbury | | | 1124 | Tyre surrenders to the Crusaders | | | 1191 | Battle of Rudiano: Brescians defeat the Bergamescans | | | 1456 | Ecclesiastical court clears Joan of Arc of witchcraft charges, posthumously | | | 1460 | Battle of the Sarno/Salmi: The Angevins defeat Ferrante I of Naples | | | 1495 | Ferrante II recovers Naples from Charles VIII's French | | | 1498 | Lucrezia Borgia (18) marries Alfonso d’Aragona (17) | | | 1540 | Francisco Vasquez de Coronado captures the Zuni Pueblo of Hawikul, NM | | | 1647 | Masaniello initiates a rebellion against Spanish rule in Naples | | | 1674 | Anti-Spanish uprising begins at Messina | | | 1798 | Congress rescinds treaties with France; Quasi War begins | | | 1798 | US Frigate Delaware captures French privateer Croyable. | | | 1801 | Toussaint L'Ouverture declares Haitian independence | | | 1807 | Tilsit: Napoleon makes peace with Prussia & Russia | | | 1829 | Royal Military Chapel established | | | 1838 | Central American Federation is dissolved | | | 1846 | Commo John D. Sloat takes Monterey, claims California for the US | | | 1861 | Skirmish at Great Falls, Va | | | 1864 | Jubal's Raid: Skirmish at Middleton, MD | | | 1908 | Great White Fleet leaves San Francisco Bay | | | 1915 | First Battle of the Isonzo ends (from Jun 23) | | | 1916 | Thomas Edison becomes head of Naval Consulting Board, to study new technology | | | 1920 | USN aircraft tests the “radio compass”, Norfolk, Va | | | 1937 | Marco Polo Bridge: Japanese initiate the "China Incident" | | | 1941 | Iceland: Marines relieve British forces to fight elsewhere | | | 1941 | Nazis murder 5,000 Jews in Kovono, Lithuania | | | 1943 | Japanese ships sail from Paramushiro to evacuate the Kiska garrison. | | | 1944 | RAF drops 2,572 tons on Caen, to support ground attack | | | 1944 | Saipan: Japanese troops make a final "Banzai" charge | | | 1944 | U.S. B-29s from China attack Japan. | | | 1944 | US troops capture Rosignano, NW of Rome | | | 1948 | First women sworn into the Naval Reserve | | | 1956 | Dynamite explosion, Cali, Columbia, over 1,000 die | | | 1960 | USSR shoots down a US aircraft over Barents Sea | | | 1966 | Marines initiate “Operation Hasting” - to clear NVA from the DMZ | | | 1999 | Sierra Leone: Agreement between Pres Ahmad Tejan Kabbah & Foday Sankoh ends civil war. | | | 2005 | Islamist terrorists detonate 4 bombs on London subways and a bus, over 50 k, c. 700 injured. | | 8 | 452 | Pope Leo I convinces Atilla the Hun not to attack Rome | | | 1191 | Saladin burns Haifa | | | 1283 | Battle of Malta: Ruggiero di Lauria’s Aragonese & Sicilians defeat the Angevin fleet in Malta Harbor | | | 1520 | Battle of Otumba: Cortes defeats the Aztecs [OS] | | | 1573 | Spanish capture Haarlem from the Dutch after a seven month siege | | | 1709 | Poltava: Tsar Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden | | | 1758 | Disastrous British/Provincial assault on French-held Ft Carillon/Ticonderoga | | | 1776 | Col John Nixon gives first public reading of Declaration of Independence | | | 1838 | Arabs attack Jewish community of Safed | | | 1853 | Commo Matthew C. Perry sails frigate Susquehanna into Tokyo Bay | | | 1860 | Great Fire of Dallas, touches off slave insurrection hysteria, scores of blacks lynched | | & |
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