September 19, 2007:
After a
decade of effort, by several different companies, someone finally developed a
guided version of the 70mm air-to-ground rocket. Lockheed-Martin just announced
that their DAGR 70mm guided rocket is ready for service. DAGR has a further
advantage in that it uses the Hellfire fire control system. Lockheed-Martin
developed DAGR with their own money. Earlier this year, the U.S. Army cancelled
work on a similar effort, APKWS (Advanced Precision Kill Weapons System). Both
are basically a 25 pound 70mm rocket, with a laser seeker, a six pound warhead
and a range of about six kilometers. Laser designators on a helicopter, or with
troops on the ground, is pointed at the target, and the laser seeker in the
front of the DAGR homes on the reflected laser light.
The 2.75 inch (70mm) rockets
were developed during World War II as an air-to-air weapon for use against
heavy bomber formations. The Germans had developed a similar, and very
successful weapon (the R4M), but before long it was noted that neither the
Japanese nor the Germans had any heavy bombers, and the U.S. 70mm rocket was
switched to air-to-ground use. Actually, the 70mm rocket was retained for
air-to-air use into the 1950s, but it was never successful in that role. The
70mm rocket became very popular in the 1960s, when it was discovered that the
weapon worked very well when launched from multiple (7 or 19 tube) launchers
mounted on helicopters. The 42-55 inch long rockets could be fired singly or in
salvoes, and gave helicopter pilots some airborne artillery for supporting
troops on the ground. There are many variations in terms of warheads and rocket
motors. Some versions can go over 10 kilometers.
Developing a guided 70mm
rocket took so long because the manufacturers underestimated the technical
difficulties of getting the laser seeker and flight control mechanisms into
that small a package, at a weight and price the army could afford. The price of
the DAGR is about $20,000 each (about the cost of a smart bomb). The AKWS
developer, BAE, believed it was close to perfecting AKWS, but Congress ran out
of patience.
The guided 70mm rocker is to
be used against targets that don't require a larger (hundred pound), and more
expensive (over $100,000) Hellfire missile, but still need some targeting
precision. In tests, the APKWS hit within a few feet of the aiming point, and
the DAGR is apparently just as accurate. The DAGR makes an excellent weapon for
UAVs, especially since you can carry four of them in place of one Hellfire.