June 30,
2008: The U.S. is spending about $95
million on each of the 18 E8-C Joint JSTARS radar aircraft operated by
reservists (the Air National Guard). This will include new engines, an
Internet-like communications capability, long range optical sensors (like that
on combat aircraft targeting pods) and the ability to search water surfaces.
The E8 is
a militarized Boeing 707 (a 1950s design, also used for the KC-135 aerial
tanker and other U.S. Air Force electronics warfare aircraft). The main
capability is the JSTARS ground search radar. This system has two modes; wide
area (showing a 25 by 20 kilometer area) and detailed (4,000 by 5,000 meters).
The radar can see out to several hundred kilometers and each screen full of
information could be saved and brought back later to compare to another view
(to see what has moved). In this manner, operators can track the movement of
ground vehicles, or ships. Operators can also use the detail mode to pick out
specific details of what's going on down there, like tracking the movement of
many small missile boats trying to rush an American warship. JSTARS can stay up there for over 12 hours at
a time, and two or more JSTARS can operate in shifts to provide 24/7 coverage.
The Air
National Guard aircraft can be kept in service another 40 years, although they
may be replaced by cheaper, unmanned, aircraft before then. JSTARS first proved
its worth during the 1991 Gulf War, where it accurately, and in real time,
tracked the movement of Coalition and Iraqi ground forces.