July 25,
2008: The submarine war off the
northwest (Pacific) coast of South America took a strange turn when one of the
cocaine carrying boats was spotted by U.S. patrols, off the coast of Mexico.
The Mexicans were alerted, and a Mexican navy commando team captured the sub
before the crew could scuttle it. The sub was carrying 5.8 tons of cocaine. The
crew said they were Colombian fishermen who were forced to make the long
voyage, because their families were being held hostage.
For the
last few years, the cocaine producing gangs of Colombia have been having considerable success exporting their product
via submarines. About a third of the 600 tons of cocaine coming out of Colombia
each year leaves via the Pacific coast. Most of this is being carried in
submarines, that move the cocaine north.
Off the Pacific coast, it's believed that only about five percent of these subs
have been caught.
These are
not submarines in the true sense of the word, but "semi-submersibles". They
are 30-50 foot fiberglass boats, powered
by a diesel engine, with a small "conning tower" above the water, providing the
crew (of 4-5), and engine, with fresh air, and permitting the crew to navigate
the boat. A boat of this type is the only practical kind of submarine for drug
smuggling. A real submarine, capable of carrying five tons of cocaine, would cost a lot more, and require a highly
trained crew.
The
semi-submersibles are built, often using specially made components brought in
from foreign countries, in areas along the Colombian coast, or other drug gang
controlled territory. Russian naval architects and engineers have been
discovered among those designing and building these boats. Based on
interrogations of captured gang members, these subs cost over $600,000 to construct, and carry up to ten
tons of cocaine.
At one
point it was thought that as many as half of them were captured or lost at sea.
But this is apparently not the case. That's because most of these subs are
built for a one way trip. This keeps down the cost of construction, and the cost
of hiring a crew (who are flown home). That one voyage will usually be for
about a thousand kilometers, with the boat moving at a speed of 15-25
kilometers an hour. So the average trip will take a few days. But the one to
Mexico took about a week, with additional fuel and crew supplies reducing the
amount of cocaine carried.
In the
past, subs making long range trips were caught while being towed by a larger
ship. Apparently the plan was to tow a semi-submersible, loaded with a ten ton
cocaine cargo, long distances, and then
be cut it loose for the final approach to the shore of California or some area
in Europe or on the east coast of North America. While the subs are most
frequently used from the Pacific coast of Colombia, they are showing up
elsewhere as well.
These subs
are not stealthy enough to avoid detection all the time, and the U.S. is
working to tweak search radars, and other types of sensors, to more reliably
detect the drug subs. For the moment, it appears that these semi-submersibles
do work, because the drug gangs keep using them more and more. Delivery by sea
is now the favored method for cocaine smugglers, because the United States has
deployed military grade aircraft detection systems, and caught too many of the
airborne drug shipments. The smugglers
did their math, and realized that improvised submarines were a more
cost-effective way to go.