China is providing Pakistan with special steel alloys needed to make missile engines, along with guidance systems and other technologies. Pakistan has 34 Chinese-built M-11 missiles at its Sargodha air base. Pakistan has flight-tested the Shaheen-1 missile which has a range of 750km, and has displayed the Shaheen-2 which they claim has a range of 2,500km. Pakistan has also flight tested the Hatf-IA which is an improved version of the Hatf-I. After China agreed to US demands not to export complete missiles (leaving open the loophole of missile components), Pakistan turned to North Korea for technology to build its Ghauri.-Stephen V Cole