| 0 | | Four Chaplains Day in the United States -- Learn More |
| 0 | | Feast of St. Blaise, Patron of Sicily and of Dalmatia |
| 337 | | Election of Pope Julius I (337-352), later canonized |
| 1238 | | The Mongols capture Vladimir, Russia |
| 1377 | | Cardinal Robert of Geneva & John Hawkwood massacre c. 2,000 people in Cesena, Italy |
| 1451 | | 1451 Mehemet II was restored to power as Ottoman Sultan -- Learn More |
| 1488 | | Portuguese navigator Bartholomeu Diaz sights the Cape of Good Hope |
| 1509 | | Battle of Diu: the Portuguese defeat the Ottoman fleet, securing control of Indian Ocean commerce |
| 1517 | | Ottoman Sultan Selim I takes Cairo, and proclaims himself Caliph |
| 1576 | | Henry of Navarre [later Henri IV of France] escapes from Paris |
| 1591 | | League of Torgau formed: Protestant German princes organize to oppose the Edict of Worms, which condemned Luther |
| 1637 | | Collapse of the "Tulip Bubble": initiates history's first "Depression" |
| 1706 | | Battle of Fraustadt: The Swedes defeat a much larger Saxon-Polish-Russian army |
| 1740 | | King Carlo V permits Jews to live in Sicily |
| 1781 | | British Adm. Rodney captured Sint Eustatius, Dutch West Indies, after a short siege -- Learn More |
| 1783 | | Spain recognizes US independence |
| 1797 | | Battle of Imola: the French rout the Papal Army |
| 1801 | | The Senate ratifies the treaty ending the Quasi-War with France |
| 1807 | | The Battle of Montevideo: The British capture the city from the Spanish |
| 1813 | | Battle of San Lorenzo: San Martin's Argentine patriots defeat the Spanish colonial army |
| 1813 | | Battle of Niquitas: Bolivar's Columbians defeat the Spanish Royalists |
| 1852 | | Battle of Monte Caseros: Insurgents defeat Argentine President Rosas, who flees |
| 1862 | | President Lincoln received the King of Siam's offer of war elephants to help fight the Confederacy |
| 1863 | | Confederate raider 'Alabama' burns the US schooner 'Palmetto' off Brazil |
| 1864 | | American Civil War: Sherman begins the Meridian Campaign in Mississippi |
| 1867 | | Accession of Mutsuhito as Emperor of Japan -- the "Meiji" (1867-1912) |
| 1915 | | Battle of the Suez Canal: a Turkish attempt to cross the canal is defeated |
| 1917 | | German sub sinks US liner 'Housatonic', America severs relations |
| 1933 | | Hitler informs his generals to prepare for war to secure Lebensraum |
| 1942 | | Bataan: Fil-Am troops restore the Bagac-Orion line |
| 1943 | | New Guinea: Aussie Kanga Force counterattacks from Wau, drives Japanese on Mubo |
| 1944 | | U.S. ships shell Japanese island of Paramushiro in the Kuriles. |
| 1945 | | Operation Thunderclap: the Eighth Air Force sends 1,000 B-17s to c. 3000 tons of bombs on Berlin, killing c. 3,000 and rendering 120,000 homeless. |
| 1989 | | Military coup overthrows Dictator Alfredo Stroessner of Paraguay (1954-1989), who sheltered Nazis |
| 1994 | | Sergei Krikalev becomes the first Russian on the Space Shuttle, 'Discovery'. |
| 1998 | | USMC aircraft severs cable car line in northern Italy, 20 die |
| 1368 | | King Charles VI "the Beloved" or "the Mad" of France (1380-1422) |
| 1689 | | Blas de Lezo y Olavarrieta -- "Peg Leg", Spanish admiral, victor of Cartagena de las Indias (1741), d. of plague, 1741 |
| 1721 | | Friedrich Wilhelm von Seydlitz, Frederic the Great's finest cavalryman, d. 1773 -- Learn More |
| 1775 | | Louis-François, Baron Lejeune, French general, war artist, d. 1848 |
| 1795 | | Antonio José de Sucre, Liberator, President of Peru (June 23-July 17,1823), of Bolivia (1825-1828), d. 1830 |
| 1805 | | Samuel Ryan Curtis, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1866 |
| 1807 | | Joseph Eggleston Johnston, Gen, C.S.A., d. 1891 |
| 1824 | | George Thomas "Tige" Anderson, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1901 |
| 1824 | | Nathan George "Shanks" Evans, Brig Gen, C.S.A., d. 1868 |
| 1851 | | Charles Adelle Lewis Totten, American soldier (Chiricau War), wargame designer ('Strategos'), d. 1908 |
| 1859 | | Hugo Junkers, aircraft designer, anti-Nazi, d. 1935 |
| 1894 | | Juan Negrín, Premier of the Spanish Republic (1936-39), d. 1956 |
| 1904 | | Charles "Pretty Boy" Floyd, American criminal, k. 1934 |
| 1905 | | Andree Virot [Peel], Resistance worker who would win a Legion of Honor rescuing 102 Allied pilots, d. 2010 |
| 1907 | | James Michener, naval officer, author ("South Pacific"), d. 1997 |
| 474 | | Byzantine Emperor Flavius Valerius Leo -- Leo I "the Great" (457-474), c. 73 |
| 639 | | Lord K'inich Yo'nal Ahk I of Piedras Negras (603-639) |
| 994 | | William IV "Proud Arm", c. 56, Duke of Aquitaine and Count of Poitou (963-990), in retirement |
| 1014 | | Sweyn/Sven I "Forkbeard" of Denmark (986-1014), Norway (986-995, 999-1014), and England (1013-1014) |
| 1116 | | King Koloman of Hungary (1095-1116), at c. 45 |
| 1399 | | John of Gaunt, son of Edward III, the first Duke of Lancaster, 58 |
| 1451 | | Ottoman Sultan Murad II Kodja (1421-1444, 1446-1451), 46 |
| 1534 | | Thomas FitzGerald, 10th Earl of Kildare, c. 24, Irish nationalist, executed by Henry VIII in London |
| 1898 | | Louis-Victor Baillot, 104, veteran of the French 105th of the Line, the last known surviving veteran of Waterloo |
| 1898 | | Louis Victor Baillot, at 104, believed to have been the last survivor of the Waterloo Campaign -- Learn More |
| 1924 | | Thomas Woodrow Wilson, President (1913-21), 67 -- Learn More |
| 1943 | | The Rev. George Fox (b. 1900), Rabbi Alexander Goode (b. 1911), Rev. Clark V. Poling (b. 1910), and Fr. John P. Washington (b. 1908), plus some 250 others, in the 'Dorchester' |
| 1945 | | Roland Freisler, 51, Nazi jurist, President of the 'People's Court, killed in an allied bombing |
| 1969 | | Eduardo C Mondlane, president FRELIMO, Mozambique, murdered |
| 1984 | | Ravindra Hareshwar Mhatre, 48, Indian diplomat, murdered in Britain by Kashmiri separatists |
| 2015 | | Sir Martin Gilbert, 78, historian, biographer (“Churchill”, etc.) |