| 0 | | International Holocaust Remembrance Day |
| 0 | | Feast of St. Devota, Patron of Corsica and of Monaco |
| 98 | | Traian became Roman Emperor, known as “optimus princeps” -- Learn More |
| 630 | | Battle of Hunayn: Meccan Moslems defeat the pagan, Christian, & Jewish Arab tribes |
| 1302 | | Dante is expelled from Florence by the Black Guelfs |
| 1524 | | Giovanni degli Bande Nere captures Robecco d'Oglio |
| 1556 | | Akbar becomes Mogul Emperor of India (1556-1605) |
| 1593 | | Battle of Byeokjegwan: The Japanese win the first major engagement of their invasion of Korea |
| 1614 | | Tokugawa Ieyasu outlaws Christianity in Japan |
| 1695 | | Accession of Mustafa II as Ottoman Sultan and Caliph of Islam (1695-1703), abdicates |
| 1864 | | Battle of Fair Gardens, TN |
| 1864 | | Skirmish at Kelly's Ford, Va. |
| 1868 | | The Battle of Toba-Fushimi: The "Boshin War" begins in Japan, ultimately leading to the fall of the Shogunate |
| 1915 | | US Marines begin occupation of Haiti |
| 1928 | | Airship 'Los Angeles' (ZR-3) moors to 'Saratoga' (CV-3) in rough seas off Rhode Is. |
| 1942 | | HMS 'Indomitable' flys off 48 aircraft to reinforce the defense of Java |
| 1942 | | USS 'Gudgeon' (SS-211) becomes the first US boat to sink an enemy sub, the Japanese 'I-173'. |
| 1942 | | U.S. submarines begin supply runs to Corregidor |
| 1943 | | First USAAF raid on Germany, as nearly 100 B-17s & B-24s bomb submarine construction yards at Wilhelmshafen |
| 1943 | | USS 'Whale' (SS-239) sinks 'Shoan Maru' (c. 5,600 grt) |
| 1944 | | Soviets lift the German Siege of Leningrad after 880 days: perhaps 1,000,000 dead |
| 1944 | | U.S. issues a report on "The Bataan Death March" |
| 1945 | | 1st Cav and 32nd Inf Divs, and 122nd Cav Regt land on Luzon |
| 1945 | | The Soviet 322nd Rifle Division liberates the Auschwitz Concentration Camp |
| 1945 | | USS 'Higbee' (DD-806) commissioned, first US warship named after a Navy woman |
| 1945 | | At Stalag IXA, near Ziegenhain: when the Germans try to identify the Jewish men among the American P/Ws, Master Sgt. Roddie Edmonds says, "We are all Jews" |
| 1967 | | Disastrous fire aboard Apollo 1 |
| 1967 | | Treaty signed banning military use of nuclear weapons in space |
| 1969 | | Nine Jews publicly executed as "spies" in Damascus |
| 1973 | | US and North Vietnam sign cease-fire |
| 1977 | | Pres Carter pardons most Vietnam War draft evaders (c. 10,000) |
| 2002 | | Ammo dump explosion at Lagos, Nigeria, c. 1,100 die |
| 1443 | | Duke Albert III "the Bold" or "the Courageous" of Saxony & Margrave of Meissen (1464-1500) |
| 1546 | | Joachim Frederick, Prince-Elector of Brandenburg (1598-1608) |
| 1571 | | Shah Abbas I "the Great" of Persia (1588-1629) |
| 1756 | | Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, boy genius musician and composer, d. 1791 |
| 1814 | | Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, architect, fortification historian ("Annals of a Fortress"), d. 1879 |
| 1822 | | Thomas Leiper Kane, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1883 |
| 1826 | | Richard Taylor, Lt Gen, C.S.A., d. 1879 |
| 1828 | | Samuel Allen Rice, Brig Gen, U.S., d. 1864 |
| 1830 | | William Henry Fitzhugh Payne, Brig Gen, C.S.A.. d. 1904 |
| 1834 | | Robert Sanford Foster, Maj Gen, U.S., d. 1903 |
| 1859 | | Wilhelm II - "Kaiser Bill", German Emperor (1888-1918), d. 1940 -- Learn More |
| 1900 | | Hyman Rickover, "Father of the Nuclear Navy," d. 1986 |
| 98 | | Marcus Cocceius Nerva, 67, Roman Emperor (Sept. 18, 96-Jan 27, 98), stroke |
| 457 | | Flavius Marcianus -- Marcian, 65, Late Roman/Byzantine Emperor (450-457) |
| 661 | | Ali ibn Abi Talib, 62, son-in-law of Mohammed, the Fourth Caliph (656-661), murdered -- the first Shia Imam |
| 672 | | Pope St. Vitalian (657-672) |
| 847 | | Pope St. Sergius II (844-47) |
| 1556 | | Moghul Emperor Nasiruddin Muhammad Humayun of India (1530-1556), accidental fall in his library, 47 |
| 1595 | | Sir Francis Drake, English sea dog, of fever at c. 55 -- Learn More |
| 1812 | | Captain John Perkins, c. 62-65, first black officer in the Royal Navy |
| 1816 | | Adm. Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood, 85 |
| 1922 | | Elizabeth Cochran Seaman -- Nellie Bly, 57. famed "girl" reporter who went around the world in 72 days |
| 1951 | | Marshal Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, 83, Regent (1918-1919) and President (1944-1946) of Finalnd |
| 1967 | | Alphonse Juin, last living Marshal of France, at 78 |
| 1967 | | Astronauts Edward H White II (36), Roger B Chaffee (31), & Virgil "Gus" Grissom (40), Apollo I fire |
| 1974 | | Sir Edward Louis Spears, 87, Maj. Gen., Bart, KBE, CB, MC, author, MP, liaison officet to the French in 1914 & 1940 |
| 2003 | | Hugh Trevor-Roper, 89, MI-6 veteran, historian ("The Last Days of Adolph Hitler") |
| 2010 | | Jerome David "J.D." Salinger, 91, D-Day veteran and author "The Catcher in the Rye". |
| 2018 | | Mort Walker, soldier-cartoonist ("Beetle Baily"), 94 |