August 14,2008:  Egypt is spending $38 million to upgrade, one its six U.S. made E-2C Hawkeye radar aircraft, to the Hawkeye 2000 (E-2 2000) standard. Eight years ago, Egypt bought a sixth E-2C, the other five having been received in 1986. Egypt has ordered two more used E-2Cs from the United States. The E-2 2000 upgrade added engine and electronics improvements, and most U.S. E-2s achieved that standard by 2003. The Egyptian upgrades may not include all the new electronics, as some this stuff had to do with the unique communications needs (CEC, or Cooperative Engagement Capability) of the U.S. Navy. The Egyptians, like many foreign users, employ the E-2 as a low cost AWACS, for controlling air battles.

Meanwhile, a new version of the U.S. Navy's E-2, the E-2D is being tested, and is expected to enter service in three years. Originally introduced in 1964, the two engine, 24 ton E-2 was never produced in large quantities (fewer than a hundred are in use). Last Summer, the E-2 fleet reached a milestone, of a million flight hours. The current E-2C models cost about $51 million each and are difficult to maintain because of their age. The E-2s always contained a large quantity of the most modern, and failure prone, electronics. Operating mostly off carriers, and thus constantly exposed to corrosive, salty ocean air, the aircraft take a beating. The five man crew are mostly concerned with using the large radar carried atop the aircraft, and keeping track of friendly, and hostile, aircraft and missiles at up to 400 kilometers distance.

The aircraft can stay in the air for 4-6 hours at a time, and cruises at 450 kilometers an hour. Currently, the three "system operators" use large flat screen displays and many gigabytes of disk storage each (for capturing and comparing data) to operate as a sea-going AWACS. It was the navy that developed the AWACS concept at the end of World War II, using Avenger light bombers, equipped with radar, to control large carrier strikes.

Each American aircraft carrier has four E-2s, and the U.S. Navy a total fleet of about 70 E-2s. A third of the active E-2s are in service in other countries, but only France operates them from carriers. Everyone else uses land bases. About half the E-2s ever built (production ceased in the 1990s) are still flying, and the United States expects to keep using them (as the E-2D) into the 2020s. After that, an unmanned aircraft will probably replace the E-2.

The latest, and probably last, model, the E-2D, has new engines, a new phased array radar, new electronics and many other improvements. Development and manufacturing of 75 E-2Ds for the U.S. Navy will cost about $206 million per aircraft. The E-2D will have longer range, and more accurate, radar as well as a much more efficient and reliable computer systems.